CAS IR GRID研究单元&专题: 成都山地灾害与环境研究所中国科学院·水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS),简称“成都山地所”,由1965年成立的中国科学院地理研究所西南地理研究室发展而来,1966年2月改为中国科学院地理研究所西南分所,1978年更名为中国科学院成都地理研究所,1989年实现中国科学院和水利部双重领导并采用现名。该研究所以“认知山地科学规律,服务国家持续发展”为战略目标,其基本定位是以山地灾害、山地环境和山区可持续发展为主要研究领域,致力于为“增强我国防御山地灾害能力、保障山区生态安全和促进经济社会发展”提供科学依据和技术支撑。http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/458692024-03-29T13:42:18Z2024-03-29T13:42:18ZField application of hydroxyapatite and humic acid for remediation of metal-contaminated alkaline soilProshad, RamLi, JieSun, GuohuaiZheng, XuYue, HaoyuChen, GengZhang, ShuangtingLi, ZiyiZhao, Zhuanjunhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760452024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T03:06:56Z题名: Field application of hydroxyapatite and humic acid for remediation of metal-contaminated alkaline soil
作者: Proshad, Ram; Li, Jie; Sun, Guohuai; Zheng, Xu; Yue, Haoyu; Chen, Geng; Zhang, Shuangting; Li, Ziyi; Zhao, Zhuanjun
摘要: <p>The quality of soil is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of agricultural products. However, soils contaminated with toxic metals pose a significant threat to agricultural production and human health. Therefore, remediation of contaminated soils is an urgent task, and humic acid (HA) with hydroxyapatite (HAP) materials was applied for this study in contaminated alkaline soils to remediate Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Physiochemical properties, improved BCR sequential extraction, microbial community composition in soils with superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and chlorophyll content in plants were determined. Among the studied treatments, application of HAP-HA (2:1) (T7) had the most significant impact on reducing the active forms of toxic metals from soil such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn decreased by 18.59%, 9.12%, 11.83%, and 3.33%, respectively, but HAP and HA had a minor impact on metal accumulation in Juncao. HAP (T2) had a beneficial impact on reducing the TCleaf/root of Cd, Cu, and Zn, whereas HAP-HA (T5) showed the best performance for reducing Cd and Cu in EFleaf/soil. HAP-HA (T5 and T7) showed higher biomass (57.3%) and chlorophyll (17.9%), whereas HAP (T4) showed better performance in POD (25.8%) than T0 in Juncao. The bacterial diversity in soil was increased after applying amendments of various treatments and enhancing metal remediation. The combined application of HAP and HA effectively reduced active toxic metals in alkaline soil. HAP-HA mixtures notably improved soil health, plant growth, and microbial diversity, advocating for their use in remediating contaminated soils.</p>2024-03-25T03:06:56ZMechanistic Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the 2021 Post-Fire Debris Flow in Xiangjiao Catchment, ChinaOuyang, ChaojunXiang, WenAn, HuicongWang, FuleiYang, WeibinFan, Jiyinghttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760502024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T03:04:55Z题名: Mechanistic Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the 2021 Post-Fire Debris Flow in Xiangjiao Catchment, China
作者: Ouyang, Chaojun; Xiang, Wen; An, Huicong; Wang, Fulei; Yang, Weibin; Fan, Jiying
摘要: <p>Wildfires are becoming a global natural disaster under climate change. A worthwhile concern is that the rainfall thresholds that trigger debris flows in catchments affected by recent wildfires are much lower than those that trigger debris flows in catchments with similar environments but that have not experienced wildfires. In this study, we investigated a major post-fire debris flow event in Xiangjiao catchment triggered by heavy rainfall in 2021. Through the combination of field observation, laboratory experiments and several numerical models (rainfall interception, infiltration, erosion and runoff models), the physical mechanistic analysis and numerical simulation of the post-fire debris flow in Xiangjiao catchment was carried out. Results show that the simulated deposited area, erosion depth, and the occurrence time of debris-flow initiation correlate well with the actual situation. It is demonstrated that the numerical simulation method used in this study can be used to effectively describe the characteristics of the initial and propagation stages of the post-fire debris flow generated by runoff and provide important insights and guidance for the prediction and prevention of debris-flow disasters in catchments affected by wildfire. Plain Language Summary Wildfires are becoming more and more common under more frequent extreme weather. After the wildfire, the overall environment would be substantially changed, which will lead to more frequent debris-flow disasters. Consequences of these changes are worthy to be deeply investigated. In this study, we investigated a major 2021 post-fire debris flow event in Xiangjiao catchment, China, triggered by heavy rainfall. Through the combination of field observation, laboratory experiments, and numerical models, the physical mechanistic analysis and numerical simulation of the post-fire debris flow in Xiangjiao catchment was carried out.</p>2024-03-25T03:04:55ZMAST: An Earthquake-Triggered Landslides Extraction Method Combining Morphological Analysis Edge Recognition With Swin-Transformer Deep Learning ModelHuang, YuZhang, JianqiangHe, HaiqingJia, YangChen, RongGe, YonggangMing, ZaiyangZhang, LiliLi, Haoyuhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760492024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T03:03:39Z题名: MAST: An Earthquake-Triggered Landslides Extraction Method Combining Morphological Analysis Edge Recognition With Swin-Transformer Deep Learning Model
作者: Huang, Yu; Zhang, Jianqiang; He, Haiqing; Jia, Yang; Chen, Rong; Ge, Yonggang; Ming, Zaiyang; Zhang, Lili; Li, Haoyu
摘要: <p>Earthquake-triggered landslides (ETLs) are characterized by their extensive occurrences, having wide distributions. The conventional human-computer interaction extraction method is often time-consuming and labor-intensive, failing to meet the demands of disaster emergency response. There is a pressing need for a swift detection of ETLs. In this study, we introduce an ETLs extraction method (MAST) combining morphological analysis edge recognition with a Swin-Transformer (SWT) deep learning model, which is specifically designed for landslide extraction. The MAST model adopts a hierarchical construction approach akin to convolution neural networks, aiding in tasks such as target detection and semantic segmentation. To enhance the accuracy of landslide edge extraction, we incorporate an edge recognition algorithm based on the morphological analysis into the MAST model. This algorithm leverages morphological operations to extract the features of landslide boundaries. It effectively addresses issues such as discretization and irregularization of the extracted landslide boundaries, leading to more precise delineation of landslide boundaries. Drawing on UAV data collected from Wan Dong Village, De Tou Town, Sichuan Luding, China, during the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding Earthquake, we conducted automated extraction of ETLs utilizing the MAST model. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the MAST model compared to the traditional full convolution neural network (FCN) model and normal SWT model. The MAST model exhibits enhanced value in landslide extraction. Notably, it demonstrates a significant advantage in boundary extraction. Employing the Boundary IoU metric to evaluate the accuracy of ETLs extraction, the MAST model outperforms the SWT and FCN models at various distances.</p>2024-03-25T03:03:39ZClimate-Vegetation Coverage Interactions in the Hengduan Mountains Area, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and Their Downstream EffectsFang, CongxiChen, JinleiOuyang, ChaojunWang, LuSun, ChangfengZhang, QuanWen, Junhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760442024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T03:01:45Z题名: Climate-Vegetation Coverage Interactions in the Hengduan Mountains Area, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and Their Downstream Effects
作者: Fang, Congxi; Chen, Jinlei; Ouyang, Chaojun; Wang, Lu; Sun, Changfeng; Zhang, Quan; Wen, Jun
摘要: <p>Little is known about the mechanism of climate-vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region, which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in the world. This study, using multisource datasets (including satellite data and meteorological observations and reanalysis data) revealed the mutual feedback mechanisms between changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) and vegetation coverage in recent decades in the Hengduan Mountains Area (HMA) of the southeastern TP and their influences on climate in the downstream region, the Sichuan Basin (SCB). There is mutual facilitation between rising air temperature and increasing vegetation coverage in the HMA, which is most significant during winter, and then during spring, but insignificant during summer and autumn. Rising temperature significantly enhances local vegetation coverage, and vegetation greening in turn heats the atmosphere via enhancing net heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere. The atmospheric heating anomaly over the HMA thickens the atmospheric column and increases upper air pressure. The high pressure anomaly disperses downstream via the westerly flow, expands across the SCB, and eventually increases the SCB temperature. This effect lasts from winter to the following spring, which may cause the maximum increasing trend of the SCB temperature and vegetation coverage in spring. These results are helpful for estimating future trends in climate and eco-environmental variations in the HMA and SCB under warming scenarios, as well as seasonal forecasting based on the connection between the HMA eco-environment and SCB climate.</p>2024-03-25T03:01:45ZDevelopment of an integrated model for assessing landslide susceptibility on vegetated slopes under random rainfall scenariosJiang, HuZou, QiangJiang, YaoZhou, BinYao, HongkunCui, JunfangZhou, WentaoChen, Siyuhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760432024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T02:59:36Z题名: Development of an integrated model for assessing landslide susceptibility on vegetated slopes under random rainfall scenarios
作者: Jiang, Hu; Zou, Qiang; Jiang, Yao; Zhou, Bin; Yao, Hongkun; Cui, Junfang; Zhou, Wentao; Chen, Siyu
摘要: <p>Physically-based landslide susceptibility analysis has been extensively employed to predict the likelihood of landslides owing to its remarkable predictive capability. However, due to an insufficiently comprehensive analysis of the vegetation-disaster connection, this approach may face limitations in its application to regions where there is significant variation in vegetation diversity and topography. An integrated model was thus proposed for predicting landslide susceptibility with the consideration of the positive and negative effects of vegetation on slope stability. However, to accurately implement the slope failure process under the influence of vegetation, it is important to have a high temporal resolution rainfall scenario for simulating the interception process of vegetation crowns on rainfall. Analysis of vegetation hydrological processes is associated with difficulties in a regional area because of limited data availability. The stochastic simulation method for extreme rainfall scenarios, adopted in this study, is known to be effective in dealing with uncertainty caused by insufficient data. The method, which comprises the Gumbel model and Bounded Random Cascade Model (BRCM), was used to overcome the difficulties in integrating the comprehensive effects of vegetation, the results of which provide refined rainfall scenarios for landslide susceptibility prediction from the perspective of the failure mechanism of vegetated slopes. The application of the proposed method for landslide susceptibility zoning was validated using a confusion matrix and ROC curve analysis in a practical case. Results showed that the method performed effectively and reliably. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence of different extreme rainfall scenarios on slope stability. Results revealed that as the return period of extreme rainfall increased from 50 to 150 years, the overall proportion of susceptible areas for different rainfall durations exhibited an upward trend. Additionally, the study found that increasing vegetation biomass had a positive impact on slope stability in the study area. The findings of this study are significant for disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous regions, providing scientific support for risk management strategies.</p>2024-03-25T02:59:36ZCharacteristics and causes of a catastrophic snow avalanche that occurred on January 17, 2023, in TibetChen, NingshengLi, AnhuiTian, ShufengRahman, MahfuzurHuang, NaShe, DebinLi, ZhiDing, Haitaohttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760482024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T02:55:18Z题名: Characteristics and causes of a catastrophic snow avalanche that occurred on January 17, 2023, in Tibet
作者: Chen, Ningsheng; Li, Anhui; Tian, Shufeng; Rahman, Mahfuzur; Huang, Na; She, Debin; Li, Zhi; Ding, Haitao
摘要: <p>无</p>2024-03-25T02:55:18ZImpact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern PakistanHassan, WajidSu, Feng-huanLiu, Wei-mingHassan, JavedHassan, MuzammilBazai, Nazir AhmedWang, HaoYang, Ze-wenAli, MuzaffarCastellanos, Daniel Garciahttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760472024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T02:54:17Z题名: Impact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern Pakistan
作者: Hassan, Wajid; Su, Feng-huan; Liu, Wei-ming; Hassan, Javed; Hassan, Muzammil; Bazai, Nazir Ahmed; Wang, Hao; Yang, Ze-wen; Ali, Muzaffar; Castellanos, Daniel Garcia
摘要: <p>Knowledge of glacier changes and associated hazards is of great importance for the safety consideration of the population and infrastructure in the mountainous regions of Upper Indus Basin (UIB). In this study, we assessed the variations in glacier velocity, glacier surface elevation change, meteorological conditions, and permafrost distribution in Badswat and Shishkat catchments located in UIB to access the potential impact on the occurrence of debris flow in both catchments. We find that the glacier surface velocity increased during the debris flow event in the Badswat catchment and the mean daily temperature was 3.7 degrees C to 3.9 degrees C higher in most of the locations. The enhanced glacier surface elevation lowering period coincide with the rise in temperature during spring and autumn months between 2015 to 2019 in Badswat catchment. The source region of debris flow falls within the lower boundary of permafrost occurrence zone and lies below the 0 degrees C isotherm during late spring and summer months. In Shishkat catchment the 0 degrees C isotherm reaches above the debris flow source area during August and the glacier do not show any significant variations in velocity and surface elevation change. The debris flow source area is adjacent to the slow-moving rock glacier in Shishkat catchment while in Badswat catchment the debris flow initiated from the former glacier moraine. Both catchments are largely glacierized and thus sensitive to changes in climatic conditions and changes in the cryosphere response possess significant threats to the population downstream. Continuous monitoring of cryosphere-climate change in the region can contribute toward the improvement of disaster risk reduction and mitigation policies.</p>2024-03-25T02:54:17ZEffects of litter and root inputs on soil CH<sub>4</sub> uptake rates and associated microbial abundances in natural temperature subalpine forestsXiong, JiaWang, GenxuSun, XiangyangHu, ZhaoyongLi, YangSun, JuyingZhang, WeiSun, Shouqinhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760422024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T02:49:07Z题名: Effects of litter and root inputs on soil CH<sub>4</sub> uptake rates and associated microbial abundances in natural temperature subalpine forests
作者: Xiong, Jia; Wang, Genxu; Sun, Xiangyang; Hu, Zhaoyong; Li, Yang; Sun, Juying; Zhang, Wei; Sun, Shouqin
摘要: <p>Climate change altered the quantities of aboveground plant litter and root inputs, but the effects on soil CH4 uptake rates and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate these factors, a three-year detritus input and removal treatment (DIRT) study including six treatments (namely, CK, control; NL, litter removal; DL, double litter; NR, root exclusion; NRNL, root exclusion plus litter removal; and NRDL, root exclusion plus double litter) was conducted in broadleaf and coniferous forest subalpine forest ecosystems. The results showed that both the subalpine forest soils acted as sink for atmospheric CH4 across all treatments, while the broadleaf forest had consistently higher CH4 uptake rates than the coniferous forest. Based on the annual mean values, root exclusion (NR, NRNL and NRDL) significantly decreased soil CH4 uptake rates by 35.9 %, 31.0 % and 43.4 % in the broadleaf forest and 36.7 %, 31.9 % and 40.6 % in the coniferous forest compared with CK treatments, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean soil CH4 uptake rates were significantly reduced by 23.6 % and 17.3 % in the broadleaf forest and the coniferous forest under the DL treatments, respectively; nevertheless, the NL treatment significantly increased soil CH4 uptake rates by 19.68 % and 14.4 %, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that root exclusion exerted a greater influence on soil CH4 uptake rates than plant litter manipulations. Correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the separation of root exclusion treatments from aboveground plant litter manipulations was based on higher soil water content, NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations, and lower DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations and methanotroph pmoA gene abundance. The results suggest that future alterations in aboveground plant litter and root input, particularly a reduction in root input, can exert a stronger influence on regulating soil CH4 uptake than aboveground litter manipulations in subalpine forests with cold and humid climatic conditions in response to future climate scenarios.</p>2024-03-25T02:49:07ZCAS Landslide Dataset: A Large-Scale and Multisensor Dataset for Deep Learning-Based Landslide DetectionXu, YulinOuyang, ChaojunXu, QingsongWang, DongpoZhao, BoLuo, Yutaohttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760462024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T02:46:53Z题名: CAS Landslide Dataset: A Large-Scale and Multisensor Dataset for Deep Learning-Based Landslide Detection
作者: Xu, Yulin; Ouyang, Chaojun; Xu, Qingsong; Wang, Dongpo; Zhao, Bo; Luo, Yutao
摘要: <p>In this work, we present the CAS Landslide Dataset, a large-scale and multisensor dataset for deep learning-based landslide detection, developed by the Artificial Intelligence Group at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The dataset aims to address the challenges encountered in landslide recognition. With the increase in landslide occurrences due to climate change and earthquakes, there is a growing need for a precise and comprehensive dataset to support fast and efficient landslide recognition. In contrast to existing datasets with dataset size, coverage, sensor type and resolution limitations, the CAS Landslide Dataset comprises 20,865 images, integrating satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle data from nine regions. To ensure reliability and applicability, we establish a robust methodology to evaluate the dataset quality. We propose the use of the Landslide Dataset as a benchmark for the construction of landslide identification models and to facilitate the development of deep learning techniques. Researchers can leverage this dataset to obtain enhanced prediction, monitoring, and analysis capabilities, thereby advancing automated landslide detection.</p>2024-03-25T02:46:53ZA modified friction-viscous solid boundary of the SPH method for landslide simulationLiang, HengJiang, YuanjunNing, PoZhu, Leihttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72760412024-03-26T16:22:59Z2024-03-25T02:45:37Z题名: A modified friction-viscous solid boundary of the SPH method for landslide simulation
作者: Liang, Heng; Jiang, Yuanjun; Ning, Po; Zhu, Lei
摘要: <p>Bed friction characteristics are important factors controlling landslide movement processes. To address existing boundary condition deficiencies in describing the bed friction characteristics of landslide movements on complex terrain for the SPH method, a modified friction-viscous solid boundary condition is proposed. Within the solid boundary condition, the solid boundary is composed of line segments in 2D conditions and triangular segments in 3D conditions. The solid boundary is treated as a rigid material, and the SPH particle is treated as an elastic particle. The method used to calculate the values and directions of the contact, friction and viscous forces is presented. The proposed solid boundary condition is validated through water and granular material column collapse experiments. The dynamic process of a realistic landslide on complex terrain is simulated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solid boundary condition. Compared with the existing solid boundary condition, the proposed solid boundary condition has advantages in embedding friction model and wall function, exerting friction and viscosity force, keeping the stability of contact force, and establishing a complex terrain model.</p>2024-03-25T02:45:37Z