CAS IR GRID研究单元&专题: 上海神经科学研究所中国科学院于 1999 年 11 月 27 日成立了神经科学研究所。神经科学研究所将致力于神经科学基础研究的各个领域,包括分子、细胞和发育神经生物学、系统和计算神经科学、以及认知和行为神经科学。研究所的宗旨是建立一个现代化研究所的机制,提供一个有助于严谨科研工作,高效科研产出,良性科研合作的环境,实现以业绩为准的激励和资助评估系统,以及为研究生和博士后提供高质量的专业训练。http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/4678262024-03-29T07:52:13Z2024-03-29T07:52:13ZGeneration of macaques with sperm derived from juvenile monkey testicular xenograftsLiu, ZNie, YHZhang, CCCai, YJWang, YLu, HPLi, YZCheng, CQiu, ZLSun, Qhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196442016-11-25T08:15:10Z2016-09-14T04:18:35Z题名: Generation of macaques with sperm derived from juvenile monkey testicular xenografts
作者: Liu, Z; Nie, YH; Zhang, CC; Cai, YJ; Wang, Y; Lu, HP; Li, YZ; Cheng, C; Qiu, ZL; Sun, Q2016-09-14T04:18:35ZGenetic lineage tracing identifies in situ Kit-expressing cardiomyocytesLiu, QZYang, RHuang, XZZhang, HHe, LJZhang, LBTian, XYNie, YHu, SSYan, YZhang, LQiao, ZYWang, QDLui, KOZhou, Bhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196432016-11-25T08:15:09Z2016-09-14T04:18:34Z题名: Genetic lineage tracing identifies in situ Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes
作者: Liu, QZ; Yang, R; Huang, XZ; Zhang, H; He, LJ; Zhang, LB; Tian, XY; Nie, Y; Hu, SS; Yan, Y; Zhang, L; Qiao, ZY; Wang, QD; Lui, KO; Zhou, B
摘要: Cardiac cells marked by c-Kit or Kit, dubbed cardiac stem cells (CSCs), are in clinical trials to investigate their ability to stimulate cardiac regeneration and repair. These studies were initially motivated by the purported cardiogenic activity of these cells. Recent lineage tracing studies using Kit promoter to drive expression of the inducible Cre recombinase showed that these CSCs had highly limited cardiogenic activity, inadequate to support efficient cardiac repair. Here we reassess the lineage tracing data by investigating the identity of cells immediately after Cre labeling. Our instant lineage tracing approach identifies Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes, which are labeled immediately after tamoxifen induction. In combination with long-term lineage tracing experiments, these data reveal that the large majority of long-term labeled cardiomyocytes are pre-existing Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes rather than cardiomyocytes formed de novo from CSCs. This study presents a new interpretation for the contribution of Kit(+) cells to cardiomyocytes and shows that Kit genetic lineage tracing over-estimates the cardiogenic activity of Kit(+) CSCs.2016-09-14T04:18:34ZSomatosensory neuron types identified by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional heterogeneityLi, CLLi, KCWu, DChen, YLuo, HZhao, JRWang, SSSun, MMLu, YJZhong, YQHu, XYHou, RZhou, BBBao, LXiao, HSZhang, Xhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196422016-11-25T08:15:08Z2016-09-14T04:18:32Z题名: Somatosensory neuron types identified by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional heterogeneity
作者: Li, CL; Li, KC; Wu, D; Chen, Y; Luo, H; Zhao, JR; Wang, SS; Sun, MM; Lu, YJ; Zhong, YQ; Hu, XY; Hou, R; Zhou, BB; Bao, L; Xiao, HS; Zhang, X
摘要: Sensory neurons are distinguished by distinct signaling networks and receptive characteristics. Thus, sensory neuron types can be defined by linking transcriptome-based neuron typing with the sensory phenotypes. Here we classify somatosensory neurons of the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing (10 950 +/- 1 218 genes per neuron) and neuron size-based hierarchical clustering. Moreover, single DRG neurons responding to cutaneous stimuli are recorded using an in vivo whole-cell patch clamp technique and classified by neuron-type genetic markers. Small diameter DRG neurons are classified into one type of low-threshold mechanoreceptor and five types of mechanoheat nociceptors (MHNs). Each of the MHN types is further categorized into two subtypes. Large DRG neurons are categorized into four types, including neurexophilin 1-expressing MHNs and mechanical nociceptors (MNs) expressing BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 (Baiap2l1). Mechanoreceptors expressing trafficking protein particle complex 3-like and Baiap2l1-marked MNs are subdivided into two subtypes each. These results provide a new system for cataloging somatosensory neurons and their transcriptome databases.2016-09-14T04:18:32Zbeta-Arrestin1 regulates the morphology and dynamics of microglia in zebrafish in vivoLi, YYDu, XFPei, GDu, JLZhao, Jhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196412016-11-25T08:15:08Z2016-09-14T04:18:31Z题名: beta-Arrestin1 regulates the morphology and dynamics of microglia in zebrafish in vivo
作者: Li, YY; Du, XF; Pei, G; Du, JL; Zhao, J
摘要: Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system. Microglia typically exist in a 'resting' state in the healthy brain, with ramified processes dynamically exploring the surrounding microenvironment. They become 'activated' under pathological conditions with marked changes in morphology. However, the regulation of their morphology dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, using in vivo time-lapse imaging and three-dimensional morphology analysis of microglia in intact zebrafish larvae, we found that beta-arrestin1, a multifunctional protein involved in various signal transductions, cell-autonomously regulated the microglial morphology. Knockdown of beta-arrestin1 increased the volume size and process number of microglia but reduced the deformation speed in the resting state. Meanwhile, beta-arrestin1 down-regulation led to a high frequency of phagocytic behaviour of microglia. These defects were partially rescued by over-expressing human beta-arrestin1 in microglia. Our study indicated that microglial dynamics in the resting state can be regulated cell-autonomously by beta-arrestin1 signalling.2016-09-14T04:18:31ZDecentralized Multisensory Information Integration in Neural SystemsZhang, WHChen, AHRasch, MJWu, Shttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196402016-11-25T08:15:07Z2016-09-14T04:18:30Z题名: Decentralized Multisensory Information Integration in Neural Systems
作者: Zhang, WH; Chen, AH; Rasch, MJ; Wu, S
摘要: How multiple sensory cues are integrated in neural circuitry remains a challenge. The common hypothesis is that information integration might be accomplished in a dedicated multisensory integration area receiving feedforward inputs from the modalities. However, recent experimental evidence suggests that it is not a single multisensory brain area, but rather many multisensory brain areas that are simultaneously involved in the integration of information. Why many mutually connected areas should be needed for information integration is puzzling. Here, we investigated theoretically how information integration could be achieved in a distributed fashion within a network of interconnected multisensory areas. Using biologically realistic neural network models, we developed a decentralized information integration system that comprises multiple interconnected integration areas. Studying an example of combining visual and vestibular cues to infer heading direction, we show that such a decentralized system is in good agreement with anatomical evidence and experimental observations. In particular, we show that this decentralized system can integrate information optimally. The decentralized system predicts that optimally integrated information should emerge locally from the dynamics of the communication between brain areas and sheds new light on the interpretation of the connectivity between multisensory brain areas.2016-09-14T04:18:30ZA Phenomenological Synapse Model for Asynchronous Neurotransmitter ReleaseWang, TYin, LPZou, XLShu, YSRasch, MJWu, Shttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196392016-11-25T08:15:06Z2016-09-14T04:18:29Z题名: A Phenomenological Synapse Model for Asynchronous Neurotransmitter Release
作者: Wang, T; Yin, LP; Zou, XL; Shu, YS; Rasch, MJ; Wu, S
摘要: Neurons communicate with each other via synapses. Action potentials cause release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal. Typically, this neurotransmitter release is tightly time-locked to the arrival of an action potential and is thus called synchronous release. However, neurotransmitter release is stochastic and the rate of release of small quanta of neurotransmitters can be considerably elevated even long after the ceasing of spiking activity, leading to asynchronous release of neurotransmitters. Such asynchronous release varies for tissue and neuron types and has been shown recently to be pronounced in fast-spiking neurons. Notably, it was found that asynchronous release is enhanced in human epileptic tissue implicating a possibly important role in generating abnormal neural activity. Current neural network models for simulating and studying neural activity virtually only consider synchronous release and ignore asynchronous transmitter release. Here, we develop a phenomenological model for asynchronous neurotransmitter release, which, on one hand, captures the fundamental features of the asynchronous release process, and, on the other hand, is simple enough to be incorporated in large-size network simulations. Our proposed model is based on the well-known equations for short-term dynamical synaptic interactions and includes an additional stochastic term for modeling asynchronous release. We use experimental data obtained from inhibitory fast-spiking synapses of human epileptic tissue to fit the model parameters, and demonstrate that our model reproduces the characteristics of realistic asynchronous transmitter release.2016-09-14T04:18:29ZCRASP: CFP reconstitution across synaptic partnersLi, YMGuo, AKLi, Hhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196382016-11-25T08:15:05Z2016-09-14T04:18:27Z题名: CRASP: CFP reconstitution across synaptic partners
作者: Li, YM; Guo, AK; Li, H
摘要: Mapping the pattern of connectivity between neurons is widely regarded to be critical for understanding the nervous system. GRASP (GFP reconstitution across synaptic partners) has been used as a promising method for mapping neuronal connectivity, but is currently available in the green color only, limiting its potential applications. Here we demonstrate CRASP (CFP reconstitution across synaptic partners), a cyan colored version of GRASP. We validated the system in HEK 293T cells, and generated transgenic Drosophila lines to show that the system could reliably detect neuronal contacts in the brain. Furthermore, we showed that the CRASP signal could be selectively amplified using standard immunohistochemistry methods. The CRASP system adds to the toolkit available to researchers for mapping neuronal connectivity, and substantially expands the potential application of GRASP-like strategies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.2016-09-14T04:18:27ZEndocardium Contributes to Cardiac FatZhang, HPu, WJLiu, QZHe, LJHuang, XZTian, XYZhang, LBNie, YHu, SSLui, KOZhou, Bhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196372016-11-25T08:15:04Z2016-09-14T04:18:26Z题名: Endocardium Contributes to Cardiac Fat
作者: Zhang, H; Pu, WJ; Liu, QZ; He, LJ; Huang, XZ; Tian, XY; Zhang, LB; Nie, Y; Hu, SS; Lui, KO; Zhou, B
摘要: Rationale: Unraveling the developmental origin of cardiac fat could offer important implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The recent identification of the mesothelial source of epicardial fat tissues reveals a heterogeneous origin of adipocytes in the adult heart. However, the developmental origin of adipocytes inside the heart, namely intramyocardial adipocytes, remains largely unknown. Objective: To trace the developmental origin of intramyocardial adipocytes. Methods and Results: In this study, we identified that the majority of intramyocardial adipocytes were restricted to myocardial regions in close proximity to the endocardium. Using a genetic lineage tracing model of endocardial cells, we found that Nfatc1(+) endocardial cells contributed to a substantial number of intramyocardial adipocytes. Despite the capability of the endocardium to generate coronary vascular endothelial cells surrounding the intramyocardial adipocytes, results from our lineage tracing analyses showed that intramyocardial adipocytes were not derived from coronary vessels. Nevertheless, the endocardium of the postnatal heart did not contribute to intramyocardial adipocytes during homeostasis or after myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Our in vivo fate-mapping studies demonstrated that the developing endocardium, but not the vascular endothelial cells, gives rise to intramyocardial adipocytes in the adult heart.2016-09-14T04:18:26ZActin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite InitiationZhang, SXDuan, LHQian, HYu, Xhttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196362016-11-25T08:15:04Z2016-09-14T04:18:25Z题名: Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation
作者: Zhang, SX; Duan, LH; Qian, H; Yu, X
摘要: A salient feature of neurons is their intrinsic ability to grow and extend neurites, even in the absence of external cues. Compared to the later stages of neuronal development, such as neuronal polarization and dendrite morphogenesis, the early steps of neuritogenesis remain relatively unexplored. Here we showed that redistribution of cortical actin into large aggregates preceded neuritogenesis and determined the site of neurite initiation. Enhancing actin polymerization by jasplakinolide treatment effectively blocked actin redistribution and neurite initiation, while treatment with the actin depolymerizing agents latrunculin A or cytochalasin D accelerated neurite formation. Together, these results demonstrate a critical role of actin dynamics and reorganization in neurite initiation. Further experiments showed that microtubule dynamics and protein synthesis are not required for neurite initiation, but are required for later neurite stabilization. The redistribution of actin during early neuronal development was also observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in vivo.2016-09-14T04:18:25ZMicrosaccade direction reflects the economic value of potential saccade goals and predicts saccade choiceYu, GCXu, BJZhao, YCZhang, BZYang, MPKan, JYYMilstein, DMThevarajah, DDorris, MChttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/11196352016-11-25T08:15:03Z2016-09-14T04:18:23Z题名: Microsaccade direction reflects the economic value of potential saccade goals and predicts saccade choice
作者: Yu, GC; Xu, BJ; Zhao, YC; Zhang, BZ; Yang, MP; Kan, JYY; Milstein, DM; Thevarajah, D; Dorris, MC
摘要: Microsaccades are smallamplitude (typically <1 degrees), ballistic eye movements that occur when attempting to fixate gaze. Initially thought to be generated randomly, it has recently been established that microsaccades are influenced by sensory stimuli, attentional processes, and certain cognitive states. Whether decision processes influence microsaccades, however, is unknown. Here, we adapted two classic economic tasks to examine whether microsaccades reflect evolving saccade decisions. Volitional saccade choices of monkey and human subjects provided a measure of the subjective value of targets. Importantly, analyses occurred during a period of complete darkness to minimize the known influence of sensory and attentional processes on microsaccades. As the time of saccadic choice approached, microsaccade direction became the following: 1) biased toward targets as a function of their subjective value and 2) predictive of upcoming, voluntary choice. Our results indicate that microsaccade direction is influenced by and is a reliable tell of evolving saccade decisions. Our results are consistent with dynamic decision processes within the midbrain superior colliculus; that is, microsaccade direction is influenced by the transition of activity toward caudal saccade regions associated with high saccade value and/or future saccade choice.2016-09-14T04:18:23Z