CAS IR GRID研究单元&专题: 昆明植物研究所中国科学院昆明植物研究所前身是静生生物调查所和云南省教育厅于1938年7月合作成立的云南农林植物研究所。1950年4月转属中国科学院,更名为中国科学院植物分类研究所昆明工作站。1953年3月更名为中国科学院植物研究所昆明工作站。1959年4月,经国家科委批准,正式成立中国科学院昆明植物研究所。研究所将植物分类与生物地理、植物化学与天然产物研发、野生种质资源保藏与利用、民族植物学与区域发展、资源植物研发与产业化这五个方面为重点研究领域。http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/510512024-03-28T10:19:40Z2024-03-28T10:19:40Z资源植物板蓝(Strobilanthes cusia)可持续利用的价值链研究邱祖川http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762372024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:46:02Z题名: 资源植物板蓝(Strobilanthes cusia)可持续利用的价值链研究; Value Chain Analysis of the Sustainable Utilization of Resource Plants Strobilanthes cusia
作者: 邱祖川
摘要: Resource plants are important guarantee for the sustainable development of humanity. In recent years, as the world's research on crops has become more and more in-depth and China joined in the WTO, the sustainable use of resource plants has become an important research field at present.
Strobilanthes cusia is a perennial herb from Strobilanthes genus, Acanthaceae family, mainly distributed in southern and southwestern China, Thailand, Myanmar, northeastern India, Bhutan, Laos, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Peninsular Malaysia. Strobilanthes cusia is a multi-purpose plant that is used in dye, medical, food, cosmetics, landscaping and other industries, which has high economic and cultural value. According to investigations, many remote ethnic regions in China, such as Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan, were still processing and using natural indigo. Many governments had also used natural indigo as a local poverty alleviation industry, vigorously developed the natural indigo industry, and the blue grasses promoted in various places were all Strobilanthes cusia. China is undergoing economic transformation, and it is particularly important to explore the impact of market changes on farmers. In order to understand the status quo of Strobilanthes cusia industry and the value chain characteristics of different production models in China, this article investigated the production of Strobilanthes cusia and related products in 7 counties in Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, and Hunan. A total of 277 interviews were conducted. Guided by the theories of value chain, based on the research methods in the existing literature, using a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper analyzed the status quo of the development of Strobilanthes cusia industry and the value chains of different production models in China. The main research results were as follows:
(1) Currently, Strobilanthes cusia were the most popular indigo-yielding plants cultivated in southern China. It was mainly cultivated in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Sichuan province. The cultivated area in Honghe city, Yunnan; Southwest, South and Southeast of Guizhou province were all over 10000 mu.
(2) There were three main uses for the cultivated Strobilanthes cusia in China: nan-banlangen, Qingdai(indigo naturalis) and natural indigo dye. Nan-banlangen mainly produced in Honghe, Wenshan, Lincang, Puer and Chuxiong city in Yunnan; Baise city in Guangxi; Meizhou, Qingyuan and Heyuan city in Guangdong. Qingdai mainly produced in Xianyou county, Fujian province, Dushan county in Guizhou, Mianyang and Yaan city in Sichuan. Natural indigo dye was very popular in minority areas of China, such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan and so on.
(3) The production of natural indigo in China could be divided into three categories according to the scale. One was small-scale production mainly for self-production in traditional villages; the second was middle-scale producti2024-03-20T06:46:02Z帚状香茶菜二萜化学成分及杂二萜scopariusicide G的合成蒋学春http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762352024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:59Z题名: 帚状香茶菜二萜化学成分及杂二萜scopariusicide G的合成; Chemical Research on Diterpenoids and Synthesis Study of Meroditerpenoid, Scopariusicide G, from I. scoparius
作者: 蒋学春
摘要: The dissertation is comprised of four chapters. Reported in chapter one was the phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Isodon scoparius (C. Y. Wu et H.W. Li) H. Hara (Labiatea), resulting in the discovery of several bicyclic diterpenoids. And the absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by derivatization, quantum chemical calculation and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. New compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities and fluconazole resistant reversal activities against Candida albicans. In the second chapter, it focused on the synthesis of the rare compounds, scoparodanes A and B from I. scoparius; The third chapter described the synthetic study of scopariusicide G, a novel ent-clerodane-derived meroditerpenoid with a unique cyclobutane ring. In the last chapter, it reviewed the synthetic progress on the construction of cyclobutane motifs and its applications in the synthesis of complex natural products.
I. scoparius is a morphologically specific one of Isodon species. On the basis of our previous research, we conducted further investigation on the chemical constituents of the part of chloroform: acetone (1:1) of I. scoparius, and discovered the antibacterial activities and fluconazole resistant reversal activities of ent-clerodanoids. Although a large number of new bicyclic diterpenoids were isolated from this species, the oxigened-C11 or C12 on the flexible side chains ring have brought great challenges to their absolute configuration determination. We finally verified the structures of these new compounds by a combination of synthetic methods staring from the know compounds and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis or quantum chemical calculation of the precursors or intermediates. The biomimetic synthesis of 3,4-seco-ent-clerodanoids not only verified the absolute structures of these compounds but also mimicked the biogenetic hypothesis, which offered meaningful reference for further research. Moreover, the advantages of low toxicity, facile synthesis, and excellent resistant reversal activity facilitate the discovery of potential lead compounds.
The structures of ent-clerodanoids feature flexible side chains and continuous chiral centers in ring-B, which pose a great challenge to enantioselective synthesis. This dissertation reported the first intramolecular iron Diels-Alder reaction applied to construct the bicyclic skeleton of ent-clerodanoids in scopariusicide G, and synthetic model study to access the right chiral spiro [3.5] structures by the key [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Although it has a long way to access the target molecular, scopariusicide G, the construction of the core skeleton has been achieved. These results provided credible support for the total synthesis of scopariusicide G.
Chapter 1. Chemical and Biological Studies of Bicyclic Diterpenoids from I. scoparius
Figure 1 Structure elucidation of ent-clerodanoids
Six bicyclic diterpenoids, including three new comp2024-03-20T06:45:59Z转录因子WRKY70和ERF2-like在渐狭叶烟草抵御链格孢菌中的功能及作用机制研究宋娜http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762362024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:59Z题名: 转录因子WRKY70和ERF2-like在渐狭叶烟草抵御链格孢菌中的功能及作用机制研究; Study on the regulation of defense responses to Alternaria alternata by two transcription factors WRKY70 and ERF2-like in Nicotiana attenuata
作者: 宋娜
摘要: Tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most common fungal diseases in tobacco species. During the long-term co-evolution between plants and pathogens, host plants have formed a set of complex defense mechanisms to cope with the invasion of pathogens, including the formation of reactive oxygen species, physical enhancement of cell walls, and the production of plant hormones, proteins and metabolites. Phytoalexins are low molecular secondary metabolites produced de novo when attacked by pathogens. Our previous results showed that tobacco plants could accumulate two types of phytoalexin after infection with A. alternata, namely scopoletin and its glycoside form, scopolin, and sesquiterpene capsidiol. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of scopoletin and capsidiol biosynthesis during infection.
Nicotiana attenuata, a diploid wild tobacco, was used as a model plant to study the molecular regulation of scopoletin and capsidiol biosynthesis by A. alternata, through combination of biochemical, molecular biological and chemical methods such as transcriptome analysis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), RNAi, gene overexpression, protein and DNA interaction. The main results were as follows:
1, NaWRKY70, a transcription factor, is the key regulator of scopoletin synergistically induced by jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling.
JA and ET signaling pathways in N. attenuata were activated by A. alternata, and synergistically regulated scopoletin production and the expression of key enzyme gene feruloyl-CoA 6?-hydroxylase 1 (NaF6’H1). Accordingly, scopoletin biosynthesis could be dramatically induced by exogenous treatments of methyl jasmonate and ethephon simultaneously, but not by methyl jasmonate or ethephon along. Through transcriptome analysis and gene silencing methods, a WRKY family transcription factor, NaWRKY70, was identified as the key regulator of scopoletin during its synergistic induction by JA and ET.
2, NaWRKY70 directly regulates the expression of NaF6’H1, the key enzyme gene involved in scopoletin biosynthesis, and A. alternata-induced NaWRKY70 is under the control of NaMYC2 and NaEIN3-like, the two master regulators of JA and ET signaling.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transcriptional activation experiments showed that NaWRKY70 bound to the W-box elements in the promoter regions of NaF6’H1 and activated its transcription to regulate the scopoletin accumulation. NaMYC2 and NaEIN3-like, the key factors of JA and ET signaling, were demonstrated to be required for the A. alternata-induced NaWRKY70 by VIGS.
3, NaWRKY70 is required for A. alternata-induced jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, two plant hormones essential for N. attenuata resistance to A. alternata.
NaWRKY70 regulated JA-Ile biosynthesis through directly binding to the promoters of the Allene oxide synthase (NaAOS), which coding a key enzyme of JA-Ile biosynthesis.2024-03-20T06:45:59Z中国云南野茶树内生真菌鉴定及其气候变化对其病原菌的影响Saowaluck Tibprommahttp://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762342024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:58Z题名: 中国云南野茶树内生真菌鉴定及其气候变化对其病原菌的影响; Identification of endophytic fungi associated with Camellia sinensis in Yunnan Province, China, and the effects of climate change on their distribution
作者: Saowaluck Tibpromma
摘要: 02024-03-20T06:45:58Z中国圆孔牛肝菌属的分类及分子系统发育研究黄聪http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762332024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:56Z题名: 中国圆孔牛肝菌属的分类及分子系统发育研究; Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Gyroporus from China
作者: 黄聪
摘要: Fungi of Gyroporus Quél. (Basidiomycetes, Boletales, Gyroporaceae) are not only of important ecological value, but also of economic and scientific values. Most species within the genus form ectomycohrrizal symbioses with various tree species, benefiting a wide range of forest trees. Some species are well-known edible or medicinal mushrooms. Fourty species have been reported worldwide, of which nine species have been reported from China. Species in this genus are diverse in morphology, complicate in structure, and wide in ecological distribution. Currently, there are following scientific problems in this genus: (1) the identification of species in this genus from China need to be verified, especially those referenced to the names of European or North American species, and need to be reconfirmed whether they are conspecific or not; (2) the knowledge about the diversity of the species in the genus in China is seriously scanty; and a large number of species need to be described; and (3) the relationships among species within this genus are largely unclear, due to the paucity of molecular phylogeny studies. Accordingly, based on large-scale sampling of ca. 120 representative samples of the genus, this study intends to employ integrated and inter-disciplinary approaches including morphological-anatomical characterization, ultrastructural investigations, molecular phylogenetic analyses of multigene nucleotide sequences (ITS, LSU, tef1-a, atp6 and rpb2), and field-ecological observations to study the phylogeny of Gyroporus, and we also elucidated the biogeography and hosts of Gyroporus. The main results are summarized as follows:
(1) The monophyly of Gyroporus was well supported, and its infrageneric classification was proposed for the first time and two sections, they were erected based on molecular and morphological data, the new section namely G. sect Castaneus. A total of seventeen species of this genus were identified in China in this study, including twelve new species, 1 newly recorded species to China, and four previously reported species from China. Chinese species account for about 40% of the world's known species. The study has revealed the diversity and peculiarity of the Gyroporus in China.
(2) We concluded that the main host species of this genus are Fagaceae (Quercus, Lithocarpus, Castanea) and Pinaceae (Abies, Pinus) in the Northern Hemisphere, but in the Southern Hemisphere species in Gyroporus are mainly associated with plants of the family Myrtaceae (Leptospermum, Eucalyptus). Molecular dating suggested that Gyroporus possibly was originated from East Asia in the late Eocene (36 Ma). We also briefly analysed possible ways for Gyroporus to dispersal globally.2024-03-20T06:45:56Z中国西南山地高黎贡山生物物种特有性的演化格局与机制叶俊伟http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762322024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:55Z题名: 中国西南山地高黎贡山生物物种特有性的演化格局与机制; Evolutionary pattern and mechanism of biological endemic species of Gaoligong mountain in Mountains of southwest China
作者: 叶俊伟
摘要: Mountains are unique ecosystems that harbor extreme high level of biodiversity,
which is formed through complicated historical geological-climatic events and
contemporary topographic-climatic conditions, while the concentration of narrowly
distributed species makes it centers of endemism. Mountains of Southwest China
(MSC) is one of the world 34 biodiversity hotspots, diverse geological-climatic events
and heterogeneous topographic-climatic conditions make it ideal for investigation of
formation and evolution of biodiversity. However, previous researches are mainly
case studies, comprehensive study for flora/fauna is lacking. Thus, we focus on
Gaoligong Mountain (GLGS), which have the highest level of biodiversity and
endemism in MSC. To explore the relationship of endemism and mountain uplift,
monsoon evolution and Pleistocene climatic changes, spatial evolution of endemism
and mechanism of speciation, the phylogeny of family/genus that the endemic species
(plants, animal and fungi) belongs to were first constructed, and then divergence times
were estimated and ancestral distributions were reconstructed, principle component
analysis (PCA) was last conducted.
Based on the criterion that the phylogeny of endemic species and its
sister/closely-related species is well resolved, we chose 112 endemic species, which is
composed mainly of plant species (n=73, including 71 angiosperm, one gymnosperm
and one fern species), and then 33 animal species, which is mainly fish (n=22) and
frog (n=10) species, and six fungi species. We directed adopted the results of taxa that
phylogeny was reconstructed and divergence time was estimated. For the remaining
taxa that phylogeny was not reconstructed or divergence time was not estimated, we
firstly obtain sequence information of endemic species and species of the
family/genus according to public database or complete chloroplast genome through
genome skimming. Then Bayesian phylogeny was reconstructed using BEAST
software and then divergence times were calibrated using multiple fossils or
secondary calibrations. The origin time of endemic species were collected using the
divergence time of endemic species and its sister species (stem age). Based on the
phylogeny of endemic species and its sister species (at least two or more ancestral
nodes of endemic species were included), we reconstructed their ancestral
distributions. Whether the spatial mode of endemic species belongs to “centric origin”
or “eccentric origin” based on ancestral distribution reconstructions. In order to
explore the relative contribution of niche conservation and adaptive evolution to the
speciation of endemic species, we selected 55 plant species and their sister
species/lineages for principal component analysis, factors include dispersal capacity,
flowering phase, environment, geographical distance and altitude.
Temporally, the origin time of endemic species spans from 0.01 Ma to 17.76 Ma,
among which 95 species are younger than 8 Ma (85%) and2024-03-20T06:45:55Z中国红豆杉属物种的生态位分析与保护策略钟大吕http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762302024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:52Z题名: 中国红豆杉属物种的生态位分析与保护策略; Ecological niche analysis and conservation strategies of Taxus species in China
作者: 钟大吕
摘要: Global climate change is profoundly affecting the distribution patterns of biological population. Species responds to climate change through ecological adaptation and regional migration, and even face the risk of extinction for species with low adaptive ability. Species distribution areas usually migrate to high altitude or high latitude, but the migration patterns of different species in response to climate change are different. Taxus species are all national first-class wild protected plants in China. It is difficult to design effective conservation strategies due the confusing taxonomy and blurred geographical distribution of yew species, which results in the severe situation of protection. In this study, all 11 species occurred in China based on the latest species taxonomy of the genus were included. Based on the species distribution records and climate variables data, niche PCA (principal component analysis) model and species suitable area model were simulated, aimed to analyze the niche differences among species, and the migration dynamics of suitable area of each species in four historical periods. Some suggestions on species protection were proposed. The main results and conclusions are as follows:
Based on the current species distribution records and environmental ecological variables, niche PCA models were simulated to analyze the niche differences among 11 Taxus species. The results demonstrated significant niche divergence among 16 species pairs, and no significant differences among the other 39 species pairs, but no species pair with significant niche conservation. Taxus calcicola, T. phytonii, and Huangshan type have the most significant niche differentiation from other species. Emei type and T. florinii, two hybrid species which share the same parent species, have similar characteristics, and their niches are narrow and more similar to the maternal parent species, respectively.They are more adaptable to the alpine environment than the maternal parent species. There were significant niche differences between the two ecotypes of T. mairei, and the niche of mr-SW is much looser.
Based on the species distribution records and environmental ecological variables of each period, the suitable areas of 10 Taxus species at the last interglacial period (LIG), the last glacial maximum (LGM), current and future (2070) were simulated. The results showed that the area and distribution location of the suitable areas changed in different historical periods. From the past to the present, patterns of the suitable areas of different species had obvious differences, such as the proportion of area shift, the difference of average altitude shift and the difference of migration in latitude or longitude. The geographical distribution ranges of T. chinensis, T. florinii, T. wallichiana and Emei type occurred in Hengduan Mountains and mountainous area around Sichuan Basin, are quite far apart nowadays, but were much closer in LIG. The migration directions of2024-03-20T06:45:52Z中国食用玫瑰的复杂网状起源崔卫华http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762312024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:52Z题名: 中国食用玫瑰的复杂网状起源; Complex and reticulate origin of edible roses (Rosa, Rosaceae) in China
作者: 崔卫华
摘要: In China, rose flowers have flavored foods for millennia, thus those varieties used for food sources are called edible roses. Recently, edible roses have been rapidly developed into an important industry for the regional characteristic agriculture development in several provinces, with diverse varieties and different forms. However, currently China only stipulates one cultivar, Rosa rugosa 'Plena' (‘Chongban Hongmeigui’ in Chinese), to be used as a common food resource. Most of the locally used cultivars have no clear origin and hybridization history with their genetic relationships to ‘Plena’ unknown. Many varieties flower only once a year while only few can bloom continuously. This complex situation provokes risks in food safety, thus affects heavily the breeding of new and high-quality edible rose varieties and the normal development of the edible rose industry.
In this thesis, the mainly cultivated edible rose varieties were investigated and collected. Combining with literature investigation on the cultivation or origin of rose cultivars, edible roses and their possible related wild species were sampled and sequenced. Their plastome sequences were assembled, and their haplotypes for internal transcribed spacers (ITS1/ITS2) of the 18S-5.8S-26S nuclear ribosomal cistron were phased. Through phylogenetic analysis and by morphology and ploidy comparison, paternal ancestors of edible rose varieties were traced, and the origin and genetic relationship of the varieties were preliminarily clarified. At the same time, a robust phylogenetic relationship of Rosa was reconstructed. The main findings were as follows:
(1) A well-resolved plastome phylogeny for Rosa was reconstructed, with high support on most branches. Rosa was resolved as monophyletic, while the three small subgenera nested within subgenus Rosa. The early diversification of Rosa could be divided into two stages. The first stage gave birth to clades C1 to C4, and the second stage separated clade C4 into C4-1 to C4-5. Plastome phylogenetic analysis revealed that six wild relative species might have participated in the formation of 16 edible roses as maternal ancestors. Based on the maternal ancestors, edible roses were classified into six groups: Moschata, Gallica, Spontanea, Mutabilis, Rugosa, and Kushui.
(2) The ITS haplotypes of rose materials were phased reliably and accurately based on the next-generation sequencing data. The tri-parental origin of R. × damascena, the species most widely used in perfume products and food additives, was confirmed as a descendent of past hybridizations among R. moschata, R. gallica, and R. majalis/R. fedtschenkoana/R. davurica. Furtherly, a phylogenetic clustering of ITS haplotypes revealed the complex origins of various edible rose varieties.
(3) Combining the sequence and phylogenetic information from the plastomes and ITS haplotypes, the complex network origin of the existing edible roses was predicted.2024-03-20T06:45:52Z植物源抗双生病毒活性化合物的筛选和作用机制研究李玉林http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762282024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:51Z题名: 植物源抗双生病毒活性化合物的筛选和作用机制研究; THE SCREENING AND MECHANISM OF PLANT DERIVED ANTIGEMINIVIRUSES COMPOUNDS
作者: 李玉林
摘要: Begomoviruses (Family Geminiviridae), the largest genus of plant viruses with
single stranded circular DNA, could infect large range of plants including grasses,
solanaceae, Malvaceae, Cruciferae, legumes and other crops. Begomoviruses are
insect vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci ) transmitted plant viruses, causing devastating
damage to crop production around the world. So far there is no efficient optionally
available antiviral drugs, mainly due to the narrow resistance spectrum, and fast viral
genome variation of geminivirus, the mutualism between geminivirus and their insects.
In the field crop protection, it mainly rely on the use of chemical pesticides to kill
whiteflies for prevention and control. However, problems such as insecticide
resistance, environment pollution and food safety appeal for efficient and
environmental safe drugs against whitefly transmitted geminivirus. The study is aimed
to establish a high-throughput platform for screening natural compounds against
Bemisia tabaci transmitted geminivirus, from traditional Chinese medicine, and
further analyze the mechanism of action of antiviral compounds.
A broad spectrum of anti-arboviruses natural products were obtained in our study,
and the preliminary resistance mechanism of GSX3 as a plant immune agonist
activation MKK2 were also illustrated. These results provided a new prodrug to
establish effective prevention and control method for geminvirus, which would further
resolve the plant broad-spectrum resistance to laid a solid foundation, new molecular
targets for the broad spectrum of arboviruses by gene editing or molecular breeding.2024-03-20T06:45:51Z中国草糙苏属(Phlomoides Moench)的分类学研究赵越http://www.irgrid.ac.cn:8080/handle/1471x/72762292024-03-26T16:34:45Z2024-03-20T06:45:51Z题名: 中国草糙苏属(Phlomoides Moench)的分类学研究; Taxonomic revision on Phlomoides Moench (Lamiaceae) in China
作者: 赵越
摘要: 02024-03-20T06:45:51Z