洪坝河流域支沟泥石流活动特征及其对水电工程的危害
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王凤娘
|
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 陈宁生 |
| 其他题名 | Debris Flow's Active Characteristics and the Harm to Hydropower Projects in Hongba River Basin |
| 学位专业 | 建筑与土木工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 洪坝河滨东电站位于四川省九龙县洪坝乡境内，是洪坝河上规划的洪二、洪三水电站合并而成的电站。研究区地质环境较差，滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等地质灾害发育。洪坝河右岸的一支沟——岩峰沟于2013年7月13日爆发大规模的泥石流，泥石流携带的巨石进入主河后，造成滨东电站尾水电站处造成堵塞、回淤，淹没了尾水电站厂房等设施，冲毁了主河道两侧防洪堤以及沿河公路，影响电站的正常工作和交通的通畅，造成巨大经济损失。 本文通过查阅资料和现场调查，以洪坝河流域上对洪坝电站可能产生危害的岩峰沟、调压井沟、娃娃沟、庙儿沟四条泥石流沟为研究对象，对其发育背景、形成条件、运动特征等方面做了较详细的研究，并分析了泥石流对水电工程的危害，提出了相应的防治措施。论文获得的主要认识和结论如下： 1、研究区域的地质构造强烈，地形陡峭，地质环境恶劣，为泥石流的形成提供了有利的地形条件； 2、研究区域的土体松散，破碎，为该区域的泥石流提供了丰富的物源。加上因采矿、水电站及配套工程建设等产生的弃渣堆于沟道内，将导致相关泥石流沟的不稳定物源有所增加，并在一定程度上改变了沟道特性，增加了泥石流发生的危险性和规模，为泥石流的形成创造了有利条件； 3、各泥石流沟的形成区降水丰富，暴雨形成的坡面径流和沟道洪水对斜坡松散物质的冲蚀能力增强，稳定物源向不稳定物源转化进入沟道成为泥石流物源的动力条件降低，导致泥石流的危险性及规模增加，加剧了泥石流的形成； 4、对研究区内的典型泥石流沟进行单沟泥石流危险评价，判断娃娃沟泥石流为高度危险，岩峰沟处于中度危险，但快接近于高度危险，调压井沟和庙儿沟为中度危险。分析泥石流堵河计算，判断娃娃沟堵河可能性很大，岩峰沟和调压井沟泥石流发生堵河的可能性较大，而庙儿沟的堵河可能性不大； 5、泥石流对水电站的主要危害表现为直接冲毁河道水工建筑物；堵塞主河道；主河道物源增加，泥石流破坏能力增强；若堵河溃决，使得泥石流流量剧增，造成更严重的毁坏。 6、通过研究水电工程的危害，对各泥石流沟提出了工程防治措施，并提出了主河防洪堤的设计，保护主河沿岸建筑物的安全。 |
| 英文摘要 | Hongba river bindong hydropower station is located at the Hongba country, Jiulong county of Sichuan, China, it is merged between second level hydropower station and third level hydropower station on the Hongba river. The geological environment is poor in the station area, and numerous geological disasters happen frequently, such as landslides, collapses and debris flows often. On 13th July, 2013, large-scale debris flow occurred in Yanfeng gulley-a tributary debris flow gulley of Hongba river. The solid materials of this hazard lead to the blocking and deposit of Hongba river. Also, numerous factories, floodwalls of the main channel and roads were destroyed, in addition, the hydropower station’ operation was hindered, traffic was blocked, and great economical loss was caused. In this paper, based on the materials searching and field investigation, we explored the formational background, formation condition and motion characteristic of four debris flow gullies that possibly destroy the hydropower station. Also, we analyzed the damage of debris flows and proposed the corresponding control measures. The results are as follows: 1. The research area has strong tectonic movement, precipitous topography and poor geological environment, which provided a favorable terrain for the debris flow formation conditions; 2. The loose and fragile soil mass in the research area provided abundant material resources for the occurring of debris flows. Also, the discard soil and dregs resulted from such engineering constructions as mines and hydropower stations would cause the increase of solid material resources, and these dregs might change the channel characteristics and increase the risks and scales of debris flows, which created favorable conditions for the happening of debris flows; 3. There was enough rainfall in the research area. The slope runoff and the channel flood strengthened the soil erosion, large numbers of stable materials transformed into unstable materials and poured into the gulley which leading to the decreasing dynamical conditions and increasing risk and scale; 4. After the risk assessment of debris flows in the solo channel in the study areas, the Wawa gulley were judged as high danger, and the Yanfeng gulley, Tiaoyajing gulley and Miaoer gulley were judged as medium danger, which the Yanfeng gulley was mostly judged as high danger. The possibility analysis of blocking channel indicated that there was a great possibility of blocking by Wawa gulley debris flow, medium possibility of blocking by both Yanfeng gulley and Tiaoyajing gulley debris flows, and little possibility by Miaoer gulley debris flow; 5. The main damages on the power station resulted from debris flow hazards as follows: destroying the floodwalls and hydraulic structures directly; blocking the main channel; increasing the solid material and strengthening the damage capability of debris flow in the main channel; increasing the flux of debris flows in the channel then may cause the worse damage; 6. According to the possibility analysis of blocking channel and the possible risks, the corresponding engineering measures and the design of floodwalls were proposed for protecting the safety of buildings along the main channel. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/14136]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王凤娘. 洪坝河流域支沟泥石流活动特征及其对水电工程的危害[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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