危险驾驶员的负性情绪偏向研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 柴婧 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 孙向红 |
| 关键词 | 驾驶事故 危险驾驶员 负性情绪 负性偏向 ERP |
| 其他题名 | Negativity Bias in Dangerous Drivers |
| 学位专业 | 心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着我国车辆与驾驶员数目的不断增加，拥挤的交通环境使道路上的负性情 绪普遍发生。在应对负性情绪时，不同的驾驶员呈现出不同的行为表现。已有研 究证明存在两种驾驶风格不同的驾驶员（事故多发/事故少发），研究这两类驾驶 员信息加工的方式有助于理解驾驶事故的成因。本研究将从两类驾驶员（危险/ 安全）对负性情绪的信息加工入手，探讨安全与危险驾驶员对负性情绪的注意偏 向是否存在差异。研究用近期驾照扣分与危险驾驶问卷相结合的方法筛选危险驾 驶员。两个研究都采用了事件相关电位（ERP）技术，实验范式均为情绪stroop 范式。研究一采用一般负性刺激作材料，结果发现危险驾驶员对负性刺激反应时 更长，并且P300 波幅相比中性刺激显著降低，而这一差异在安全驾驶员中并未 发现，进一步的研究发现，驾驶员的负性偏向与过去三年的事故数有相关。研究 二进一步探讨了与驾驶有关的特定的负性情绪——愤怒的情绪加工，并且探讨了 阈上和阈下两种刺激呈现方式下，危险与安全驾驶员情绪加工的差异，结果发现 危险驾驶员在加工愤怒面孔时P300 潜伏期比加工中性面孔时显著减小，而在安 全驾驶员中并未发现明显的愤怒偏向，这一交互只在阈下情绪stroop 中发现， 驾驶员的愤怒偏向也与事故数有关，并且和攻击性驾驶行为有一定的相关。研究 的结论是危险驾驶员比安全驾驶员有更大的负性偏向，并且负性偏向程度与驾驶 绩效存在相关。 |
| 英文摘要 | The increasingly crowded traffic environment as well as the growing number of vehicles and drivers has made negative emotion on road ubiquitous. When coping with negative emotion, drivers’ behaviors differ each other. Evidence revealed that there are two different types of drivers with respective driving styles (high & low accident-prone). Comparing the information process between safe and dangerous drivers is benefit to understanding the cause of driving accidents. The study starts with the differences of information processing in negative emotion between safe and dangerous drivers, by comparing the negativity bias between them. Study 1 aims for the emotional bias in general negative stimuli of different drivers, which found that dangerous drivers responded more slowly and had lower P300 amplitude for negative stimuli compared to neutral stimuli, however, such significance was absent in safe drivers. Further analysis showed strong correlation between negativity bias and numbers of accidents in three years. Study 2 focused on the more related-to–traffic emotion——anger, with subliminal and supraliminal versions, which found shortened P300 latency for angry faces than neutral faces only in dangerous drivers, and such significance was only found in subliminal emotional stroop tasks. The anger bias was also found correlated with previous accidents and aggressive driving behaviors. The conclusion of this study was that dangerous drivers had stronger negativity bias than safe drivers, and the negativity bias was correlated with driving performance. |
| 学科主题 | 应用心理学 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/19488]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 柴婧. 危险驾驶员的负性情绪偏向研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2015. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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