The combined effect of nano-SiO₂ and nano-Al₂O₃ as fillers on the tribological properties of Kevlar fabric/phenolic laminate (KFPL) in water was investigated. Results showed that the single addition of nano-SiO₂ at a proper content decreased the friction coefficient of KFPL to an ultralow value at the cost of an increased wear rate. The single addition of nano-Al₂O₃ at a proper content reduced the wear rate of KFPL with fluctuation in the friction coefficient curve. The combined addition of nano-SiO₂ and nano-Al₂O₃ not only endowed KFPL with an ultralow friction coefficient originated from nano-SiO₂ but also improved the wear resistance. This means that the combined addition of nano-SiO₂ and nano-Al₂O₃ can have positive effects and inhibit their negative aspects to some extent.