Blue loops of intermediate mass stars - I. CNO cycles and blue loops
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Xu HY(许华崟)1 ; Li Y(李焱)1,2
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| 刊名 | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
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| 出版日期 | 2004-04 |
| 卷号 | 418期号:1页码:213-224 |
| 关键词 | stars : evolution stars : interiors stars : Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) and C-M diagrams |
| ISSN号 | 0004-6361 |
| 产权排序 | 第一完成单位 |
| 通讯作者 | Xu, HY (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ, Yunnan Observ, POB 110, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. |
| 英文摘要 | We investigate the effects of the CNO cycles on the formation of the blue loop for intermediate mass stars of solar-like metallicity. By use of two ways to treat the CNO cycles, we find that the models adopting the CNO bi-cycles (CNO models) develop extensive blue loops while those only considering the CN cycle (CN models) do not. We compare the properties of the CN and CNO models to explore the triggering mechanism of the blue loop. We notice that during the blue loop the increase of luminosity is determined by the nuclear energy production in the stellar core while the increase of effective temperature measures how far the stellar envelope can expand for a given luminosity at its base. We find that the stellar envelope obeys the virial theorem to a very high accuracy. Thus in a convection-dominated envelope, the extra heat from its base will lead to more developed convective motion and the decrease of temperature, and the star evolves up along the RGB. However in a radiation-dominated envelope, the increase of luminosity requires the increase of temperature to enlarge the radiation transfer efficiency, and the star develops a blue loop. We introduce an envelope convective ratio eta, which is defined by the envelope convection mass divided by the total envelope mass, to measure the development of convection in the stellar envelope. It is found that the critical value, eta(crit), for a star to develop a blue loop is between 0.3 and 0.45, and eta(crit) shows a weak dependence on the stellar mass. On the other hand, we find that the enhancement of the energy production rate in the H-burning shell is responsible for the increase of the stellar luminosity during the blue loop phase. The increasing central He-burning rate increases the temperature of the H-burning shell, while the movement of the H-burning shell along the chemical profile enhances its energy production efficiency. We find that higher N-14 abundance in the H-burning shell plays a crucial role in the formation of the blue loop for the CNO models. It makes the H-burning shell not only move quickly toward the lower temperature region in the pre-loop phase to decrease the stellar luminosity and eta, but also place the hydrogen discontinuity closer to the shell source to increase the stellar luminosity during the blue loop phase by adding higher abundant hydrogen into the H-burning shell. We find that overshooting from the convective core makes the abundance discontinuity layer displace farther from the stellar core, which makes the energy production of the H-burning shell less efficient and the blue loop more difficult to be formed. The opacity enhancement of the OPAL over the LAOL leads to stronger convective motion in the stellar envelope and thus makes the blue loop more difficult to form. |
| WOS标题词 | Science & Technology ; Physical Sciences |
| 学科主题 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 类目[WOS] | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 研究领域[WOS] | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 关键词[WOS] | H-R DIAGRAM ; STELLAR MODELS ; RADIATIVE OPACITIES ; CORE HELIUM ; CONVECTIVE CORES ; EVOLUTION ; HYDROGEN ; GIANTS ; SUPERGIANTS ; TEMPERATURE |
| 收录类别 | SCI ; EI |
| 原文出处 | http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2004/16/aa3970/aa3970.html |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000221299500026 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/5172]  |
| 专题 | 云南天文台_恒星物理研究组 |
| 作者单位 | 1.National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, PO Box 110, 650011 Kunming, PR China 2.Joint Laboratory for Optical Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Xu HY,Li Y. Blue loops of intermediate mass stars - I. CNO cycles and blue loops[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2004,418(1):213-224. |
| APA | Xu HY,&Li Y.(2004).Blue loops of intermediate mass stars - I. CNO cycles and blue loops.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,418(1),213-224. |
| MLA | Xu HY,et al."Blue loops of intermediate mass stars - I. CNO cycles and blue loops".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 418.1(2004):213-224. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：云南天文台
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