In order to better understand the vegetation biomass changes and distribution characteristics of different components along time, seven sampling plots (S0~S7) representing different succession stages (bare land, 17 years, 35 years, 49 years,56 years,85 years and 125 years) were chosen through investigation of the 125-year-old chronosequence in Hailuogou glacier retreated area, Mt. Gongga. Results showed that stand age and plantation types were two main factors leading to biomass change. Total living biomass of the vegetation and biomass of the tree layer both presented an exponential growth pattern along time, separately ranged from 10.195 Mg·hm~(-2) to 366.122 Mg·hm~(-2), from 9.162 Mg·hm~(-2) to 332.461 Mg·hm~(-2). Tree layer contributed most to the total living biomass, which accounted for more than 89.871 percent during all stages; in contrast, biomass of the other layers only had little influence on the total biomass and showed a tendency of shrub layer > ground cover > the herb layer. What's more, these underwood layers were more affected by the community environment. Biomass of the coarse woody debris and annual leaves litter also accumulated during the succession chronosequence, biomass of the coarse woody debris increase to the peak at S5, where the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest was growing while the biomass of the annual leaves litter fitted well with the exponential growth model during the whole succession chronosequence. In the former 60 years of succession, biomass of the tree layer mainly came from deciduous broad-leaf species such as Salix rehderana, Hippophae rhamnoides and Populus purdomii, in the last 60 years of succession, evergreen coniferous trees, for instance, Abies fabri and Picea brachytyla contributed most to the total layer biomass (>93.070%). As for biomass allocation related to various organs, the trunk occupied the greatest proportion of the tree layer, which made up 56.388%~72.658% of the total biomass,branch and roots came secondly, while leaves took up the least proportion among all the organs.