非灾区大学生的汶川地震的闪光灯记忆研究：一致性和重构错误的关系
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘爱萍
|
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 罗劲 |
| 关键词 | 闪光灯记忆 一致性 重构错误 肯定程度 |
| 其他题名 | The Flashbulb Memory of Wenchuan Earthquake of the College Students from Non-Stricken Area：The Relationship between Consistency and Reconstructive Errors |
| 学位专业 | 心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 闪光灯记忆（Flashbulb Memory，FBM）是指，人们能够详细地回忆他们首次得知重要公众事件或个人事件时的相关情境。闪光灯记忆是自传体记忆研究的核心问题之一，闪光灯记忆是否比普通的自传体记忆更一致还存在争议，一致性和重构错误的相互关系尚不清楚，且有关正性事件的闪光灯记忆我们知之甚少。汶川地震为调查闪光灯记忆提供了一个独特的机会，本研究采用了严格的七级编码，将前后测的回答完全一致作为精确记忆的指标，将后测的回答比前测更具体、前后测的回答完全不一致作为重构错误的指标，主要探讨闪光灯记忆的一致性、重构错误及其相互关系。 研究一设置了地震回忆组和日常生活事件（离校）回忆组，地震组被试回忆得知汶川地震消息时的相关情境；离校组被试回忆得知大一下学期放假时间的消息及离开学校当天的相关情境，主要考察人们得知汶川地震消息时的闪光灯记忆的一致性如何、是否由于日常生活事件的记忆、一致性和重构错误的相互关系如何。结果发现，地震事件闪光灯记忆的一致性显著优于日常生活事件的一致性，但重构并没有少于日常生活事件，且随着时间的流逝均发生了更多的重构。本研究说明闪光灯记忆的优势效应仅表现在一致性更高，但重构并没有更少。 研究二设置了地震回忆组和被福大录取回忆组，地震组被试回忆得知汶川地震消息时的相关情境，被录取组被试回忆得知被福大录取时的相关情境，考察正性事件（被福州大学录取）和负性事件（汶川地震）的闪光灯记忆的一致性如何，以及一致性和重构错误的关系。结果发现，地震组和被福大录取组的一致性和重构错误均没有显著差异，且记忆的一致性和重构错误的相关不显著。本研究说明正负性事件的闪光灯记忆效果类似，但都会发生重构，且记忆的一致性和重构错误是一种分离的关系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Flashbulb memory (FBM) refers to that people can recall details about the related circumstance when they first learn of the important public or personal events. Flashbulb memory is one of the core issues of the autobiographical memory. Whether the flashbulb memory is more consistent than the ordinary autobiographical memory is still controversial. The relationship between consistency and reconstructive errors is not yet clear, and we know little about the flashbulb memory of the positive events so far. Wenchuan earthquake which happened on May 12, 2008 provided a unique opportunity for us to investigate the flashbulb memory. This study adopted a rigorous coding method. Responses that were essentially the same in the pretest and retest were used as the indicators of the accurate memory, while more specific and inconsistent answers were used as the indicators of the reconstructive errors. We mainly explored the consistency and reconstructive errors of the flashbulb memory, and their mutual relations. Study one included two groups, one recalled the circumstance of hearing the news of Wenchuan earthquake, and one recalled the circumstance of hearing news of the summer vacation period and the circumstance of leaving school of the first year of the college. We mainly investigated the consistency of the flashbulb memory for Wenchuan earthquake. Whether it was better than the consistency of the ordinary memory of daily life events, the relationship between consistency and reconstructive errors were also of our concern. We found that the consistency of the flashbulb memory was significantly better than the ordinary memory, but the reconstructive errors of them were the same，and the reconstructive errors increased with the passage of the time. This study showed that the advantages of the flashbulb memory only reflected in more consistent, but the reconstructive errors were not less. Study two included two groups, one recalled the circumstance of hearing the news of Wenchuan earthquake, and one recalled the circumstance of hearing news of admitted by Fuzhou University. We intended to compare the consistency of flashbulb memory between the positive events (admitted by Fuzhou University) and the negative events (Wenchuan earthquake), as well as the relationship between the consistency and reconstructive errors. It was found that the consistency and reconstructive errors of the positive and negative events were not significantly different, and the correlation of the consistency and the reconstructive errors were not significant. These studies showed that the flashbulb memories of the positive and negative events were similar, and were not immune from reconstruction, and the dissociation between consistency and reconstructive errors is found. |
| 学科主题 | 基础心理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/20300]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘爱萍. 非灾区大学生的汶川地震的闪光灯记忆研究：一致性和重构错误的关系[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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