in this study, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed considering the hydrodynamic behaviour of a circulating fluidised bed biomass gasifier (cfbbg), which is also applicable for other low-density particles. in the modelling, the cfb riser was divided into two regions: a dense region at the bottom and a dilute region at the top of the riser. kunii and levenspiel's [kunii and levenspiel, powder technol. 61, 193-206 (1990)] model was adopted to express the vertical solids distribution with some other assumptions. radial distributions of bed voidage were taken into account in the upper zone by using zhang et al.'s [zhang et al., chem. eng. sci. 46(12), 3045-3052 (1991)] correlation. for model validation purposes, a cold model cfb was employed, in which sawdust was transported with air as the fluidising agent. the column is 10?m in height and 280?mm in diameter, and is equipped with pressure transducers to measure axial pressure profile and with a reflective optical fibre probe to measure local solids holdup. a satisfactory agreement between the model predictions and experimental data was found. (c) 2011 canadian society for chemical engineering