基于罗丹宁衍生物的有机太阳能电池新型给体材料的设计与合成
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 周远航 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-11 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 阳仁强 |
| 关键词 | 有机太阳能电池，电子给体材料，有机小分子，罗丹宁衍生物 |
| 学位专业 | 化学工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 有机太阳能电池作为一种可再生的新型能源具有成本低廉、重量轻、易于实现大面积制备等优点，越来越受到人们的关注。有机太阳能电池器件中的电子给体材料主要分为聚合物和有机小分子两种类型，相比于聚合物电子给体材料而言，有机小分子电子给体材料因具有分子结构明确、分子量固定、合成重复性好、提纯方便等优点，而引起人们的广泛研究。目前，基于窄带隙共轭有机小分子的本体异质结有机太阳能电池器件的光电能量转换效率（PCE）已经接近了10 %。 本论文主要是基于罗丹宁衍生物的有机共轭小分子的合成及其光伏性能的研究。通过将丙二腈取代罗丹宁基团引入分子骨架中，有效的调节了分子的最高占有分子轨道（HOMO）能级，有助于获得相对较高的开路电压（Voc），从而利于得到较好的光电能量转换效率。 在第二章中，我们以三苯胺基团作为中心单元，寡聚噻吩作为链接基团，丙二腈取代罗丹宁基团作为封端基团，设计并合成了星形有机小分子TCNR3TTPA。丙二腈取代罗丹宁基团的引入有效的降低了分子的HOMO能级，增强了分子的吸收光谱。基于TCNR3TTPA的有机小分子本体异质结太阳能电池器件经过器件优化后，得到了0.99 V的开路电压，5.76 mA/cm2的短路电流密度（Jsc），0.44的填充因子（FF）和2.50 %的光电能量转换效率。 在第三章中，我们以苯并二茚二噻吩（IDT）单元作为中心单元，三联噻吩作为链接基团，丙二腈取代罗丹宁基团和氰基乙酸异辛酯基团作为封端基团，设计并合成A-D-A型线性有机共轭小分子DCAO3TIDT和DCNR3TIDT。两者均表现出了良好的热稳定性和溶解性，较深的HOMO能级（~-5.30 eV），优良的光谱吸收能力。基于小分子DCAO3TIDT和DCNR3TIDT的有机太阳能电池器件都获得了相对较高的开路电压（~0.93 V），其光电能量转换效率则分别为3.34 %和4.27 %。 在第四章中，我们以二维取代的苯并二噻吩（BDT）单元作为中心单元，丙二腈取代罗丹宁基团作为封端基团，设计并合成了具有不同链接基团的A-D-A型线性有机共轭小分子DCNR-TT-1、DCNR-TT-2和DCNR-3T。所有合成的有机小分子均表现出了良好的热稳定性、溶解性、结晶性和较低的HOMO能级。基于小分子DCNR-TT-1、DCNR-TT-2和DCNR-3T与PC71BM共混制备的本体异质结有机太阳能电池器件，其光电能量转换效率分别为2.40 %、0.95 %和5.36 %。 在第五章中，我们使用三聚茚（Truxene）单元作为中心单元，三联噻吩作为链接基团，氰基乙酸异辛酯基团作为封端基团，设计并合成了星形有机共轭小分子TCAO3TTr(Hex)6。三聚茚单元的引入有效的提高了分子整体的平面性结构，增强了分子间的π-π堆积作用。然而，由于三聚茚单元给电子能力相对较低，导致分子带隙增加，吸收光谱不够理想，这严重影响了其光电能量转换效率。 |
| 英文摘要 | In recent years, bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress due to the attractive advantages, such as potential to low cost, low weight, large area fabrication on flexible substrates. Currently, BHJ OSCs are based on two types of donor materials, conjugated polymers and small molecules. Compared to their conjugated polymer counter-parts, small molecules offer potential advantages in terms of defined molecular structure, uniform molecular weight, good synthetic reproducibility and easy purification. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small molecules organic solar cells has achieved almost 10 %. In this dissertation, a series of small molecules based on rhodanine derivative were designed and synthesized for application in solution-processed BHJ organic solar cells. The introduction of 2-(1, 1-dicyanomethylene)-3-octyl rhodanine (CNR) could effectively tune the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), increase the open-circuit voltage (Voc), and promote the PCE. In the second chapter, a new star-shaped small molecule named TCNR3TTPA, with a triphenylamine (TPA) unit as the central building block and CNR as the end-capped group, has been designed and synthesized. TCNR3TTPA showed a deep HOMO energy level (5.60 eV) and broad absorption. The BHJ organic solar cells based on TCNR3TTPA:PC61BM (1:1, w/w) exhibited a high Voc of 0.99 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 5.76 mA/cm2, and a PCE of 2.50 % under the illumination of AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm2. In the third chapter, two new acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) type small molecules DCAO3TIDT and DCNR3TIDT, with 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4 -(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-4,9-dihydro-s -indaceno-[1,2-b:5,6-b’]dithiophene (IDT) as the core group and 2-ethylhexyl cyanoacetate (CAO) and CNR as different end-capped blocks, have been designed and synthesized. Both of them exhibited good thermal stability and solubility, deep HOMO energy levels (~-5.30 eV) and strong absorption. The DCAO3TIDT and DCNR3TIDT with PC71BM as acceptor based BHJ organic solar cell devices showed PCE of 3.34 % and 4.27 %, respectively, and with almost same Voc (~0.93 V), under the illumination of AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm2. In the fourth chapter, three novel A-D-A type small molecules, namely DCNR-TT-1, DCNR-TT-2 and DCNR-3T, with benzo [1, 2-b: 4, 5-b′] dithiophene (BDT) unit as the central electron donor group, CNR as the end-capped blocks, and different linker, were designed and synthesized. All of them showed good thermal stability, solubility, crystallinity and deep HOMO energy levels. The BHJ small molecule OSCs devices based on DCNR-TT-1, DCNR-TT-2 and DCNR-3T were prepared and showed PCE of 2.40 %, 0.95 % and 5.36 %, respectively. In the last chapter, we have designed and synthesized a new star-shaped small molecules named TCAO3TTr(Hex)6, with a truxene unit as the central building block, terthiophene as the π bridge and CAO unit as the end-capped block. The results demonstrate that truxene unit could increase π-π stacking interaction in the thin film. However, the truxene unit as a weak electron donar block extends the molecules band gap, resulting in a poor absorption spectra and a low PCE. |
| 学科主题 | 化学工程 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2016 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.qibebt.ac.cn/handle/337004/8087]  |
| 专题 | 青岛生物能源与过程研究所_先进有机功能材料团队 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周远航. 基于罗丹宁衍生物的有机太阳能电池新型给体材料的设计与合成[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：青岛生物能源与过程研究所
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