北京市城镇典型家庭消费碳排放特征及影响因素分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 郭振 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 王效科 |
| 关键词 | 北京市，家庭消费，碳排放，时空差异，影响因素，能源消费终端，Beijing city, household consumption, carbon emission, spatial-temporal changes, influence factors, endpoint of enery consumption |
| 其他题名 | Analysis on the characteristics and influence factors of carbon emission with urban typical household consumption in Beijing |
| 学位专业 | 生物工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 当前全球气候变化日益剧烈，引起了国际社会和组织越来越多的关注。碳排放作为影响气候变化的重要因素已成为各国研究的热点问题。家庭作为社会构成的基本单元，其消费活动对碳排放的影响越来越明显，因此，从家庭消费角度研究其碳排放总量以及构成对家庭减少碳排放具有重要意义。此外，家庭消费碳排放调查相关研究成果可以为低碳城市以及低碳社区的示范性工程建设提供主要 的理论依据和数据支撑。 本论文通过采用问卷调查的方法，对北京市城镇核心区、近郊区和远郊区835户典型家庭进行了为期一年的家庭消费碳排放跟踪调查，详细记录了被调查家庭的基本情况以及衣着、食品、居住、交通出行和家庭耐用消费品等各项消费活动，结合现有的研究成果构建家庭消费碳排放核算方法，在此基础上从不同空间和时间尺度上分析了北京市城镇典型家庭消费碳排放的基本特征；结合家庭基本情况调查数据分析了家庭消费碳排放的主要影响因素；通过对家庭能源消费终端能源消耗的调查研究了家庭能源消费终端碳排放的基本构成，主要结论如下： （1）2014-2015 年北京市城镇典型家庭消费户均年碳排放总量为 8248kg，人均年消费碳排放量为 2514kg；碳排放总量构成从大到小依次为：居住消费碳排放（5691kg，69%），耐用消费品消费碳排放（1247kg，15%），食品消费碳排放（647.5kg，8%），交通出行碳排放（475.6kg，6%），衣着消费碳排（187.5kg，2%）。其中，食品消费碳排放主要来源于粮食、肉类和豆制品；居住消费碳排放中电能和热力碳排放占总量的 84%；交通出行碳排放的 63%来源于私家车出行碳排放，通勤出行和生活出行碳排放比例为 49:51；耐用消费品碳排放中家电、家具和交通工具比例为 30:16:54。北京市城镇典型家庭消费碳排放从春夏秋冬四季的时间尺度以及核心区、近郊区和远郊区的空间尺度具有较强的时空差异。家庭消费碳排放总量的时间差异表现为冬季（3458kg）>春季（1652kg）>秋季（1599kg）>夏季（1543kg）；空间差异表现为远郊区（10423kg）>核心区（8528kg）>近郊区（7670kg）。衣着、食品、居住、交通出行和耐用消费品消费碳排放均表现出一定的时空差异性。 （2）对北京市城镇典型家庭消费碳排放影响因素分析结果表明，家庭消费碳排放与住房面积、家庭月均总收入和拥有私家车数量呈显著正相关关系，与冬季采暖方式呈显著负相关关系，具体表现为住房面积每增加一平米，家庭消费碳排放量增加 35.5kg；家庭月均总收入每提升一个层次，家庭消费碳排放量增加277.3kg；家庭私家车每增加一辆，家庭消费碳排放量增加 990.8kg；若家庭供暖方式由集中供暖改为自供暖，在不考虑其他因素的影响下，家庭消费碳排放量减少 905.7kg。 家庭不同消费活动碳排放的主要影响因素也有所不同，其中衣着和食品消费碳排放与家庭规模和家庭月均总收入呈显著正相关关系；居住消费碳排放与住房面积和家庭月均总收入呈显著正相关关系，与冬季采暖方式呈显著负相关关系；交通出行消费碳排放与家庭月均总收入和拥有私家车数量呈显著正相关关系；耐用消费品消费碳排放与住房面积和家庭月均总收入呈显著正相关关系。 （3）通过对家庭各类能源消耗总量以及能源消费终端的确定，详细描述了家庭能源消费终端碳排放的构成。从能源消费碳排放的角度来看，北京市城镇典型家庭能源消费碳排放总量为 5660kg/年，各类能源消费碳排放从大到小依次为电能（2475kg）>热力（2260kg）>天然气（591kg）>汽油（322kg）>液化石油气（12.35kg）；家庭能源消费终端碳排放具有明显特点，按照各能源消费终端碳排放量的大小进行排序结果为：供暖（2740kg）>家电（789kg）>烹饪（687kg）>热水（543kg）>制冷（368kg）>交通出行（327kg）>照明（205kg）。 综合来看，家庭消费碳排放来源较多，而且受时间和空间的综合影响，通过合理优化居住环境，合理安排家庭消费活动，合理配置能源消费结构等可以减少家庭消费碳排放。本论文研究结果可用于低碳城市，低碳社区以及低碳建筑等相关示范性工程项目的研究与实施。 |
| 英文摘要 | Currently, the global climate change is becoming more and more intense, and has drawn more and more attentions by international communities and organizations. Carbon emissions, as an important factor of influence on climate change has become research hot topic. Families are the basic unit of society, and its consumption activities have more and more obvious impact on carbon emissions. So, from the perspective of household consumption study its carbon emissions and reduce carbon emissions is of great significance for the family. In addition, the survey of family consumption carbon emissions related research results can provide the main theoretical basis and data support for the construction of low carbon city and low carbon community demonstration project construction. By using the method of questionnaire survey in 800 typical families located in Beijing's urban core, suburban and outer suburb areas, we obtain the details information about the basic situation of households and consumption activities of clothing, food, housing, transportation and family durable consumer goods. Combining with the existing results, we build the accounting method about carbon emissions of household consumption. Based on this, we analysis the basic characteristics of carbon emissions of the typical Beijing urban household on different space and time scales. Combined with the basic household survey data, this paper analyzes the main influencing factor of the household consumption carbon emissions. Through investigation and study of terminal energy consumption for household this paper analyzes the carbon emission in different endpoint of enery consumption. Main conclusions are as follows: (1) The typical Beijing urban family average per household consumption carbon emissions is 8248kg and per capita consumption carbon emissions is 2514kg in 2014-2015. Among them, the carbon emissions of housing is 5691 kg, accounted for 69% of total carbon emissions. Followed by durable goods consumption emissions, is 1247kg, accounted for 15%.Carbon emissions of food consumption is 647.5kg, accounting for 8%. Carbon emissions of transportation is 475.6kg, accounted for 6%. Carbon emissions of clothing consumption is188kg, accounted for 2% of carbon emissions. Food consumption carbon emissions mainly come from the consumptionof food, meat and bean products. Carbon emissions of electricity and heat accounted for 84% of residential consumption carbon emissions. 63% of transportation emissions come from private cars travel, the ratio of commuting and life travel is 49:51. The ratio of carbon emission from household appliances, furniture and vehicles is 30:16:54. The carbon emissions of household consumption present a typical time difference in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons and spatial heterogeneity in Beijing's core, suburban and outer suburb areas. Typical time difference of differ seasons of household consumption carbon emissions presents the result of “winter (3458 kg) >spring (1652 kg) >autumn (1599 kg) > summer (1543 kg)”; the result of spatial heterogeneity is “outer suburbs（10423kg）>core（8528kg）>suburbs（7670kg）”. (2) The influence factor analysis results of typical Beijing's urban household consumption carbon emissions show that household consumption carbon emissions has a significant positive correlation with housing area, average monthly family income and the number of private cars, and has a significantly negative correlation relationship with the way of heating in winter. Adding one square meters of housing or a car can add carbon emission 35.5kg and 991kg. If the heating method abandoning central heating, the carbon emission can be decreased 905kg. The influence factors of different household consumption activities are also different. (3) Carbon emissions of energy consumption for a typical household in Beijing is 5660kg/year, including carbon emissions of electricity consumption to 2475 kg, natural gas to 591kg, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to 12.35kg, heat to 2260kg, gasoline to 322 kg. Different energy its consumer terminal is also different. Based on the different energy consumption terminal use energy form the energy consumption of the terminal carbon emissions, including carbon emissions of family lighting to 205kg, the carbon emissions of electrical appliances to 789kg, the carbon emissions of heating to 2740kg, the carbon emissions of cooling to 368kg, the carbon emissions of cooking to 687kg, the carbon emissions of hot water supply to 543kg, the carbon emissions of transportation to 327kg. According to the size of its energy consumption carbon emissions are sorted, the results are: heating > home appliance >cooling >hot water > cooking > transportation >lighting. Taken together, the carbon emissions of household energy consumption is complex,and is restricted by the comprehensive influence of time and space, through reasonable optimizing living environment, reasonable arrangement of household consumption activity and the rational allocation of energy consumption structure can reduce carbon emissions of household consumption. In this paper, the results can be used for the buildings of low carbon city, low carbon community and low carbon and related demonstration research and implementation of the project. |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/34326]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭振. 北京市城镇典型家庭消费碳排放特征及影响因素分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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