油气输送管道建设对农田生态系统影响的定量评价
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 时鹏 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 陈利顶 |
| 关键词 | 环境影响定量评价，农田生态系统，生态累积影响，生态补偿，油气 管道建设，Quantitative environmental impact assessment, Agro-ecosystem, Commulative ecological effect, Eco-compensation, Pipeline construction |
| 其他题名 | Quantitative study on the effects of pipeline construction on agro-ecosystem |
| 学位专业 | 生态学 |
| 中文摘要 | 油气输送管道属于线性工程，工程建设施工破坏植被、扰动地表土层、改变沿线土地利用，对生态系统的影响主要是非污染类生态影响。因为工程建设的生态影响复杂多样、时空累积效应以及各影响的交叉协同作用，使得现有的线性工程建设生态环境影响评价仅在定性分析的基础上做出评价，难以全面地分析工程建设对生态环境的直接影响和间接影响，由此导致生态环境影响评价的结果在很大程度上存在模糊性和不确定性。 油气输送管道工程穿越农田生态系统，对土壤物理化学性质、作物等生态要素产生影响。本文选择了油气输送管道影响的三个典型农田生态系统，通过布设样带、样方，采集土壤、作物样品，分析工程建设对农田生态系统的影响程度和范围，并筛选出敏感生态因子。通过遥感影像解译，建立土地荒漠化相对增长率指数，研究并行工程建设对绿洲生态系统的生态累积影响。完善了工程建设生态补偿方案，并制定了油气输送管道建设农田生态系统环境管理和生态恢复措施。研究得到了如下主要结论： (1) 采用Meta 方法，筛选了油气输送管道建设土壤生态环境影响的敏感因子。分析表明，工程建设会改变沿线土壤理化性质，降低了土壤有机质、速效氮、全氮和全磷的水平，并且扰动达到显著水平。 (2) 油气管道建设对农田土壤、作物产生直接影响，影响范围主要发生在管道施工带上方。施工带土壤速效氮、速效磷和有机质的下降达到显著水平。管道沿线土壤产生一定的重金属污染，污染范围主要分布在管沟、堆土和作业区，主要污染的重金属元素为Cd、Cu、Pb 和Ni。管道上方土壤温湿度出现异常。管道外50 m 土壤基本不受工程的影响。油气输送管道工程降低了作物产量，管沟、堆土区和作业区玉米产量显著低于管道外50 m 和100 m。并且施工带上方玉米的株高、株径、穗长、穗粗、叶绿素含量也不同程度地受到工程的影响。 (3) 经过2 年恢复的农田作物产量明显低于6 年恢复。而经过6 年的恢复期，作物产量基本恢复至未干扰的状态，表明油气输送管道工程建设后，农田生态系统的恢复期至少为6 年。农田整体恢复度评价发现不同施工区农田的恢复程度不一致，管沟受到的施工干扰强烈，在相同的恢复时间下，农田整体恢复情况相对较差。 (4) 通过建立土地荒漠化相对增长率指数，评价并行油气输送管道建设对绿洲土地荒漠化产生的时空累积影响。多条管道建设后，在空间尺度上，并行管道建设扩大了对绿洲土地荒漠化的影响范围；在时间尺度，并行管道建设导致土地荒漠化增长速率加快。 (5) 农产品提供和土壤营养物质保持是油气输送管道普遍影响的农田生态系统生态服务功能。建立了油气输送管道影响农田生态系统生态补偿模型，分不同的施工区进行生态补偿评价。合理安排施工季节、做好土壤和河流等环境保护措施，减少工程建设对农田生态系统的影响，采取必要措施尽快恢复农田生产力。 (6) 针对监测指标体系、监测范围和布点方法，建立了油气输送管道农田生态系统生态环境监测布点方案。监测指标包括土壤指标 (土壤速效氮、速效磷、全氮、有机质、土壤温度、含水量、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb) 和作物指标 (作物产量、叶面积指数)。监测范围以施工作业带作为主要控制区。设计样带法采集土壤和作物样品。 |
| 英文摘要 | The linear project of oil or gas pipeline construction has ecological impact on ecosystems by destroying vegetation, disturbing soil and changing land use. It is difficult to make the quantitative environmental impact assessment, for the complex, cumulative and crossed impacts of project construction on environment. The incomplete analysis of direct and indirect impact from pipeline disturbance will result in an unclear environmental impact assessment. The oil or gas pipeline influenced soil phy-chemical property and crop growth when it passed through agricultural ecosystem. In this study, we laid out transects and plots in three typical agricultural ecosystems to research the extent of pipeline’s disturbance. The sensitive factors were also selected. The cumulative effects of parallel pipelines on oasis land desertification were analyzed using remote sensing method. The ecological compensation of pipeline disturbance on agricultural ecosystem was improved by considering farmland ecosystem services and the environmental managements and restoration measures were also suggested. The main results were listed as follows: (1) The Meta analysis method was used to select the sensitive soil factors disturbed by pipeline construction. Pipeline significantly reduced soil organic matter, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. (2) The direct impacts of pipeline construction on soil and crop were in pipelie right-of-way. In this region, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and organic matter were significantly lower than 50 m distance away from the pipeline. The construction resulted in soil Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni pollution in pipeline right-of-way. Soil temperature and water content were changed in the trench area. The pipeline construction reduced crop yield that trench, piling area and working zones had lower yields than 50 m and 100 m away from the pipeline. Crop growth in the pipeline right-of-way, such as plant height, stem size, corncob length, corncob size and leaf chlorophyll were disturbed by pipeline construction. (3) Crop yield with 2 years restoration was lower than that of 6 years restoration. Crop productivity in the affected zones is expected to be gradually improved over time and 6 year or more is needed for the full restoration. The grey relevancy analysis of farmland recovery showed that different pipeline zones had different recovery degrees. Recovery in trench was relatively poor compared with other pipeline zones in the same recovery time, for the reason that the disturbance in the trench area was more intensity than another area. (4) Pipeline construction had indirect effect on oasis land desertification. The relative rate of land desertification change was used to assess cumulative ecological effect. The threshold distance of the first pipeline disturbance was 2000 m away from the pipeline. After the second and third pipeline installations, the threshold extended to 3000 m, which may result from the cumulative impact of the incremental projects. The relative rates of land desertification in the 2000 m increased after the second and third pipeline constructions compared to the first pipeline construction indicated a cumulative temporal impact from the multi-pipelines. (5) The ecological compensations of pipeline disturbance on agricultural ecosystem in different pipeline areas were modeled using the agriculture ecosystem services of production supply and soil nutrients maintain. To reduce pipeline disturbance on agricultural ecosystem, the necessary mitigation measures such as construction time management, soil protection, river cross and limitation of ancillary roads were recommended for the environmental management of pipeline projects. (6) The scheme of monitoring pipeline construction effects on agro-ecosystem was built with the indicator system, scale and sampling method. Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, soil temperature, water content, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, crop yield and LAI were included in the indicator system. The environment monitoring scale was limited in the pipeline right-of-way. The transect method was used to sample soil and crop. |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/34369]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 时鹏. 油气输送管道建设对农田生态系统影响的定量评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。