内蒙古地区城市垃圾厌氧发酵沼液的梯度处理及其资源化利用研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 曹汝坤
|
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 陈灏 |
| 关键词 | 沼液，城市垃圾，厌氧发酵，混凝，吸附，叶面肥，无土基质栽培， 藻类养殖,biogas slurry, municipal solid waste，anaerobic fermentation coagulation, adsorption, foliar fertilizer, soilless cultivation, algae cultivation |
| 其他题名 | Stepwise Treatment and Resource Utilization of Biogas Slurry from Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste in Inner Mongolia |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 近年来，厌氧发酵技术作为一项能够降解有机物、产生沼气的环境友好型技术得到广泛应用。但沼气产生过程中形成的沼液由于产量大、成分复杂、处理和利用技术有限、存在安全风险等原因，目前仍得不到有效处理及资源化利用，成为制约厌氧发酵技术推广的瓶颈性问题。 针对现有沼液利用模式缺乏预处理过程、应用技术有限且风险评估不足的情况，本文建立了沼液的“自然沉降—混凝—吸附”梯度处理工艺，并将各级出水应用于叶面施肥、无土栽培和藻类养殖等领域，探讨了沼液资源化利用的最佳途径。本研究取得如下主要结论： 1）沼液梯度处理方面。采用 Box-behnken响应面模型拟合聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）混凝去除沼液污染物的过程，采用序批式和连续式反应器模型研究活性炭吸附处理沼液混凝出水的过程，并结合沼液资源化利用的需求，优化确定了沼液梯度处理工艺参数。①混凝处理， 60℃下，投加153mg/L PAM，不投加酸碱，300r/min搅拌30s，120r/min搅拌15min，固液分离；②吸附处理，采用 KC16活性炭柱连续反应器，炭层厚度 6dm，进水流速 2m/h，以色度的ci/c0值达0.3为穿透点。最终出水的浊度、色度、COD、TP、NH3-N、TN去除率分别为85.6%、88.8%、52.9%、52.3%、15.1%、17.9%。 2）沼液资源化利用方面。以菠菜和螺旋藻为受试对象，以沼液及各级处理液为营养供给，开展叶面施肥、无土基质栽培和藻类养殖实验，通过分析受试对象的生长、品质和生化指标，确定沼液利用的最佳途径。①自然沉降后沼液的 20倍稀释液最适宜用作叶面肥；②沼液混凝出水与标准培养液1:49的混合液最适宜用作螺旋藻培养液；③沼液吸附出水的50倍稀释液最适宜用作无土栽培营养液，并且沼液吸附处理产生的废弃活性炭可部分代替无土栽培基质。在上述最优条件下，各受试对象的生长指标达到最优，品质指标普遍优于标准营养供给，理化指标表明菠菜受胁迫较低、组织损伤较小、生命活动较旺盛。但沼液资源化利用应注意 Cd、Cr、Pb和 As等重金属在受试对象中的积累。 综上，纵向采用“自然沉降—混凝—吸附”的梯度处理工艺；横向将自然沉降沼液用于叶面施肥，将沼液混凝出水用于藻类养殖，将沼液吸附出水和废弃活性炭用于无土基质栽培，形成了沼液梯度处理及资源化利用的面状体系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has been widely used in recent years as an environmentally friendly technology, which can degrade organic matter and produce biogas. However, there is still lack of effective treatment of the biogas slurry, due to the large volume and complex composition, limited available technologies, safety risks and so on. The treatment and utilization of biogas slurry have become a bottleneck problem restricting the application and promotion of AD technology. In view of the existing utilization pattern of biogas slurry, which lacks pretreatment processes, technologies and risk assessments, a “sedimentation-coagulation-adsorption” pretreatment process was proposed, and the optimal path of resource utilization of biogas slurry was explored by using effluents from each step of treatment in foliar fertilization, soilless cultivation and algae cultivation in this paper.The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Stepwise treatment of biogas slurry. The Box-Behnken response surface methodology was applied for fitting the coagulation process to remove contaminants by polyacrylamide (PAM) from biogas slurry, and the models of sequential batch reactor (SBR) and continuous reactor (CR) were applied for investigating the adsorption process to remove contaminants by activated carbon from coagulation effluent. The optimum conditions were determined according to the relevant requirements of biogas slurry resource utilization.① The coagulation conditions were selected as follows: at 60℃, adding 153mg/L PAM and 0mol/L H+/OH-, stirring at 300r/min for 30s and 120r/min for 15min.② The adsorption conditions were selected as follows: filling the activated carbon column with 6 dm thick KC16, and setting the flow rate to 2m/h and the ci/c0 of column breakthrough point to 0.3. Eventually, the removal rates of chroma, turbidity, NH3-N, COD, TP and TN were 85.6%, 88.8%, 52.9%, 52.3%, 15.1%, 17.9%, respectively. 2) Resource utilization of biogas slurry. The optimal path of resource utilization of biogas slurry was determined by using growth, quality and biochemical indexes of Spinach and Spirulina as testing subjects to envaluate the effects of foliar fertilization,soilless cultivation and algae cultivation.① The 20-fold dilution of sedimented biogas slurry was most suitable for foliar fertilizer;② The mixture of coagulation effluent and standard medium by 1:49 was most suitable for medium for Spirulina; ③ The 50-fold dilution of adsorption effluent was most suitable for nutrient solution of soilless cultivation, and the waste activated carbon produced from adsorption treatment can partly replace the soilless cultivation media. Under the above optimal conditions, the subjects had the highest level of growth indexes and the higher level of quality indexes than standard nutrient supply, and the biochemical indexes showed that Spinach had the lower levels of environment stress and tissue damage, and the higher level of life activity. In addition, the content of heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr,Pd and As accumulated in the subjects deserved the attention in resource utilization of biogas slurry. In summary, in the longitudinal direction, biogas slurry stepwise treatment involved “sedimentation-coagulation-adsorption” pretreatment process. In the transverse direction, the sedimented biogas slurry was used as foliar fertilizer, the biogas slurry coagulation effluent was used as algae medium, the biogas slurry adsorption effluent was used as soilless cultivation nutrient solution, and the waste activated carbon partly replaced soilless cultivation media. Therefore, a planar system of stepwise treatment and resource utilization of biogas slurry can be established. |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/34354]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境水质学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 曹汝坤. 内蒙古地区城市垃圾厌氧发酵沼液的梯度处理及其资源化利用研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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