Nanodot-textured surface, nanorod-textured surface and nanocomposite-textured surface were prepared by the hydrothermal technique and successive ion layer absorption and reaction technique. The adhesion and friction properties of the three kinds of nanotextured surfaces were investigated using an atomic force microscope colloidal probe. Experimental results revealed that the nanorod-textured surface and nanocomposite-textured surface can significantly reduce adhesive and friction forces compared with a nanodot-textured surface. The main reason for this phenomenon was that the nanorod and nanocomposite textures can reduce contact area between the sample surface and the colloidal probe. The effects of surface root mean square roughness, applied load and sliding velocity on the adhesion and friction behaviors of the nanotextured surfaces were investigated. The adhesive and friction forces of the nanotextured surfaces decreased with the increasing surface root mean square roughness. Compared with the nanocomposite-textured surface, the nanorod-textured surface has better adhesion and frictional performance.