Polyaniline-coated meshes with controllable pore size were fabricated by an electrochemical method. The obtained meshes exhibited underwater superoleophobic and underoil superhydrophobic properties with a low adhesive force and small sliding angles. Only under gravity or a low applied pressure difference, the modified meshes with excellent antifouling can be used for the effective and switchable separation of surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions.