大口径精密光束扫描装置的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李安虎 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 刘立人 |
| 关键词 | 卫星激光通信 检测与验证 大口径精密光束扫描装置 光机设计 精度分析 性能测试 |
| 其他题名 | Research on Large-aperture High-accuracy Optical Beam Scanner |
| 中文摘要 | 卫星激光通信技术具有巨大的潜在应用价值，已经成为当今通信领域里的研究热点和重点。由于卫星激光通信技术是一项复杂的系统工程，为了验证卫星激光通信系统在轨运行的可行性，必需事先经过严格的地面检测和验证。大口径精密光束扫描装置是卫星激光通信性能地面测试平台的关键组成设备之一，结合相关测试设备可以完成激光通信终端精跟瞄性能和远距离通信性能的测试。本文主要开展了以下几个方面的工作： （1）介绍了扫描装置的基本原理。首先提出正交偏摆双棱镜实现光束精密 偏转的方法，并基于矢量折射定理，推导光束通过偏摆正交偏转双棱镜后偏转的精确表达式，证明了棱镜转角和光束偏转角可以达到百倍量级的减速比。重点讨论了棱镜主要参数的选择问题和光束偏转角的计算结果，定量分析了影响光束偏转的棱镜转角、折射率、主截面间垂直度、棱角等因素。理论论证了该扫描装置可以满足卫星激光通信精跟瞄性能测试及通信性能测试的要求。 （2）对扫描装置进行了设计与分析。详细讨论了扫描装置的技术指标、技术方案以及总体误差分配等。设计了整个装置的机械系统，应用光机热集成分析方法对设计模型进行分析，验证了结构设计的合理性。讨论了关键部件如电机、编码器、控制器等的选取与匹配等问题。着重围绕精度要求，分析了影响装置精度的主要误差源，并对比设计精度指标，说明结构设计和整体匹配满足设计要求。 （3）对扫描装置进行了性能测试。首先采用自准直方法对棱镜偏摆准确度、减速比和光束偏离范围进行测试，详细介绍了测试原理和测试步骤。再利用干涉仪对装置实现的光束偏离精度进行严格测试，重点介绍了干涉仪的测试原理，最后对测试结果进行处理，并对比理论计算值。实验结论进一步证明本装置设计原理的正确性、结构的合理性和性能指标的可靠性。 （4）设计了大口径精密光束扫描装置（520mm）。根据棱镜主要参数和结构特点，计算了光束偏转技术指标。设计了大口径精密光束扫描装置的机械系统，主要包括棱镜组件、底座、电机支撑部分以及电机的选型等。 （5）完成了激光标准波面发生装置中参考镜和标准镜部分机械结构设计，主要包括参考镜支撑和蜗轮蜗杆调节装置总成以及标准镜支撑的设计等。 |
| 英文摘要 | Due to the great potential for wide applications, satellite laser communication technology has become the hotspots and emphasis in the communication field. The satellite laser communications belongs to the complex system engineering, so it is important to test and validate the system on the ground in order to conclude the space communication feasibility. High-accuracy testing device for dynamic and static laser beam propagation of satellite laser communications is one of the critical parts of the ground testbed for satellite laser communications. Combining with the standard corresponding test devices, the fine tracking and pointing performances and remote communication performance can be evaluated. In this dissertation, the following parts are researched and designed. (1) Presents the basic principle of the testing device. Firstly the accuracy beam deflection utilized by the orthogonal tilting double prisms is introduced, and the exact expresses for laser beam through the orthogonal tilting double prisms are deduced according to the vector refraction theorem, which proves the hundred reduction rate from prism tilting angle to the laser beam deflection angle. The optimization parameters of the prism, as well as the calculation results of the laser beam deflection, are especially discussed. The quantitative analysis for major factors affecting the laser beam deflection accuracy, including the tilting angle of prism, the refractive index, the perpendicularity between the principal sections, and the wedge angle, are conducted. According to the principle of reasoning, the testing device can well meet the requirements of the tests for the performance of fine pointing and tracking and laser beam propagation. (2) Designs and analyzes the testing device. The technical indexes, the technical program, and the total error distribution are detailedly discussed. The total mechanical system is designed, also including the machining and choosing of key parts. The optical-mechanical-thermal integrated analysis for the design model is conducted, which validates the rationality of the structure design. The control system, with the optimization of the key parts, such as the step motor, the coder, the controller and so on, is designed. Due to the accuracy requirements as a key for the device design, major error resources are especially analyzed and contrasted to the accuracy indexes, which validates the structure design and the integral matching rational. (3) Tests for the performance of the testing device. The accuracy of prism tilting angle, the reduction rate, and the laser beam deflection range, with the detailed introduction of the testing principle and process, are tested by the method of autocollimation. The interferometer test for the accuracy of laser beam deflection, especially the test principle, is introduced. Finally the testing data are processed and contrasted to the theoretical values, which further validates the design principle of the testing device correct, the structure rational, and the performance index reliable. (4) Designs the large-aperture high-accuracy scanner device (520mm). According to the main parameters of the prism and the structure characteristics of the device, the deflection range of the light beam is calculated. The mechanical system of large-aperture high-accuracy scanner device is designed, mainly including the prism assemblies, the base frame, the supports for step motor, the motor model etc. (5) Develops and completes the mechanical design of the supports for a normal mirror and a reference mirror in a laser standard wave-front generating device, including the support for a reference mirror, adjust device with worm gear and a normal mirror with three piezoelectric ceramic phase-shifting devices. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15440]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李安虎. 大口径精密光束扫描装置的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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