单块晶体电光Bypass-Exchange开关及集成模块化光学互连网络的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 宋哲 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2004 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 刘立人 |
| 关键词 | bypass-exchange光开关 互连网络 集成 双折射 电光效应 |
| 其他题名 | Single-Crystal Electro-optic Bypass-Exchange Switch And Integrated Optical Interconnection Networks |
| 中文摘要 | 随着人类信息、社会的发展，要求在短时间内处理的信息量越来越多，人们迫切需要建立高速信息处理系统。由于光学具有自然的并行、无交叉干扰、高带宽和高速的特性，能对二维排列数据进行第三维自由空间传播，使信息光学成为光学领域的主要研究和发展方向之一，其研究内容涉及光信息处理、光存储、光互连和光通信等。互连网络作为通信网、多处理机系统及其它并行处理结构的重要组成部分，如何充分利用光学并行性，发展自由空间传输的光学互连网络是非常必要的，而互连网络的集成包装是其实用化的基础，已经成为国际上的研究热点。我们课题组一直从事屏．体在光开关，光互连，光信息处理和光计算等领域中的应用，为光开关泪｝光学互连网络的集成化奠定了良好的墓础。鉴于此，本论文从网络集成包装的角度出发，研究bypass-cxchange开关和互连网络的光学实现，主要内容包括：（1）利用单位轴晶体的双折射双反射原理和品体的电光效应，设计了一种新颖的单块品体集成的电光偏振控制型bypass-eXchange光开关，将一个电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光升关所必需的器件（两个光束分束器和一个电光调制器）集成在一块晶体上。这利！bypass-oxchange光开关具有垂直入射和倾斜入射两种结构。多个这种集成结构的光开关进一步组装在一块晶体上，能构成单块品体集成的bypass-exchallge光开关阵列，更方便使用。实验测试了用LINbO3晶体制作的倾斜入射结构的单个bypass-exchange光开关和4×4开关阵列。此外，为分析开关的能量损耗，讨论了非常偏振光在单轴晶体表面的菲涅耳反射。根据电磁场的边界条件，推导并实验验证了晶体光轴在入射面内时，非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率表达式。这种单块晶体集成的bypass-exchange光开关和开关阵列具有结构紧凑，串扰小，能量损耗低，响应速度快，抗干扰能力强，对校准要求较低等优点，更适应光学互连网络集成包装的需要。（2）在这种单块品体集成的bypass-exchange光开关结构和原理的基础上，设计了一种单块品体集成的小型Crossbar网络。在一块晶体上集成了所有的开关器件，并利用屏：体的双折射和双反射原理实现了开关之间的互连。整个网络结构简单，干扰能力强，性能稳定可靠，器件容易加工、安装。（3)针对这种集成结构Crossbar网络的输入输出端数受晶体尺寸限制的特点，提出一种集成堆栈型Crossbar网络。该网络各级由相似结构的光学固态模块级联组成，每个基本模块只包括一块用作光互连的双折射晶体和一个用作信息处理的光开关阵列或光开关矩阵。整个网络结构紧凑，抗干扰，容易安装和校准。此外，通过采用集成堆栈技术，构造了几种典型多级互连网络的集成结构。(4)研究了光沿近光轴方向传播时单轴晶体的电光效应，分析了不同起偏方向对电光调制的影响。通过计算双折射光程差和偏光振动方向的转动，得到了正交偏光镜下的光轴干涉图，发现了偏光电光调制器的输出光强随入射光偏振方向（即起偏方向）变化的规律：由偏光振动方向转动引起的消光区域随起偏方向的转动而转动，在起偏和检偏方向上始终消光，在与起偏方向成士45°角方向始终全透光，消光线的交点（即感应双光轴头）不随起偏方向的转动而变化，始终在折射率变大的感应主轴上。实验上用LiNbO3晶体验证了这一结论。它为拓展单轴晶体在电光开关和偏光调制器中的应用提供了可能。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the development of our information society, the high information processing system is needed urgently to handle so much information in a very short time. Optics preserves natural parallel, non cross interaction and high speed interconnects properties. It can carry out the propagation of two dimensional data array along the third dimensional free space. So information optics becomes the one of the most important research and development fields in optics, which involves a wide of tasks of optical information processing, optical memory, optical interconnection and optical communication. Interconnection networks are the major components in telecommunication systems and multiprocessor computer systems. It is necessary how to make full use of the inherent parallelism of optics to develop free-space optical interconnection networks. It should be noted that the packaging of interconnection networks is the key for practical applications. The optical integration techniques have been a very active research field in the international. In our research group, we devote ourselves to research the applications of crystals in optical switch, optical interconnect, optical information processing and optical computing. In this dissertation, the optical implementations of integrated bypass-exchange switches and interconnection networks are investigated as the followings: An electro-optic bypass-exchange switch integrated in a single substrate of birefringent crystal is proposed, which is polarization based, and consists of wo beam splitters based on the phenomena of double refraction and inner double reflection and in-between an electro-optic modulator based on the electro-optic effect of crystal. Two basic configurations are discussed. One is the beams normal incidence, the other is the beams oblique incidence. The suggested single-crystal integrated electro-optic bypass-exchange switches can be further assembled together in a same but bigger crystal to form an integrated electro-optic switch array, which have the advantage of easy use. A bypass-exchange switch and a 4X4 array with oblique incidence, which are integrated in a single-substrate of LiNbO3 crystal, are demonstrated experimentally. Moreover, for analysis the energy loss of the single-crystal integrated electro-optic bypass-exchange switch, the Fresnel reflection of extraordinary beam at uniaxial crystals surfaces is discussed. According to the boundary relations of the electromagnetic field, the reflectivity is deduced at boundary when an extraordinary beam is incident upon a crystal from an isotropic medium or from a crystal to an isotropic medium with optical axis in incident plane. The formulae are confirmed experimentally. The single-crystal integrated bypass-exchange switch and switching array have the following features: compact configuration, low energy loss, low cross talk, fast-speed, relaxation of the requirement for alignment and low sensitivity to environment disturbance. So the switch is well suited for use in the nodes of packaged various optical interconnection networks. (2) Based on the configuration and principle of the suggested bypass-exchange switch, a single-crystal integrated small-sized optical Crossbar network is designed. All node switches are integrated in a single block of crystal and the interconnections of them are implemented based on double refraction and double reflection of the crystal. The Crossbar network is simple, easy to fabricate and assemble, insensitive to environment disturbance. Considering the number of inputs and outputs in the single-crystal integrated Crossbar network limited by size of crystal, a packagable free-space optical Crossbar network is proposed. The stacked Crossbar network can be constructed to solid-state integrated module packaging architecture by cascading similar building blocks. Each basic building block consists of a birefringence crystal for optical interconnection and a bypass-exchange switching array or matrix for information processing. The packagable stacked Crossbar network is compact, easy to assemble and align, insensitive to disturbance. Moreover, several stacked interconnection network architectures are constructed by adopting a stacked integration technique based on polarization optics. The electro-optic effect in uniaxial crystals for light propagating near the optic axis with any polarization is analyzed. Through calculating the passive and the electrically induced birefringences and the rotation of polarization direction in crystals, the conoscopic interference figures under orthogonal polariscopes for different polarizer directions are plotted. The extinction areas caused by the rotation of polarization direction in crystals change with the polarizer direction, but the cross points of the extinction lines (i.e., the two heads of the induced optical axes) do not vary, which are always on the induced principal axis with bigger refractive index. The directions of polariscopes are always extinction, and the ±45°directions with polarizer are always complete transmission. The conoscopic interference figures for LiNbO3 crystals have been demonstrated experimentally by rotating polariscopes directions, which accord with the theoretically calculating plots. It is possible for the conclusion to extend the application of uniaxial crystals in electro-optic switches and modulators. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15442]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 宋哲. 单块晶体电光Bypass-Exchange开关及集成模块化光学互连网络的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2004. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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