光栅拼接技术的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 马雪梅 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 朱健强 |
| 关键词 | 光栅拼接 时域特性 空域特性 检测方法 |
| 其他题名 | Study of tiling-grating technology |
| 中文摘要 | 目前国际上的快点火装置均利用了啁啾脉冲放大技术(CPA)，这带动了研究大能量、高强度激光系统的空前热潮,比如美国的国家点火装置(NIF),法国的兆焦耳激光装置(LMJ)。高峰值功率激光的发展很大程度上得益于飞秒振荡源领域和CPA、OPCPA技术的进展。要进一步提高CPA或OPCPA激光系统的输出能量，压缩级光栅的破坏阈值是一个关键问题，因为出射光栅需要负载超短脉冲级的全光束能量。目前最好的光栅制作技术是多层介质膜光栅(MLD)，若宽度500fs的激光脉冲，以72º角入射于MLD光栅的有效衍射区域，它的破坏通量超过2J/cm2。而光学元件的破坏阈值很大程度上依赖于光束入射角和脉冲宽度，这就意味着要求光束入射角度更大(>70º)，从而要求光学元件的口径更大。 光栅拼接技术是目前国内外广泛采用的解决压缩级光栅尺寸的技术途径之一。拼接光栅过程引入的各维空间位置偏差和光栅制作过程引入的误差都给拼接光栅带来了新的光学特性。本文在国内外拼接光栅技术已取得的研究成果基础上，对拼接光栅的时、空特性以及检测方法作了较为深入全面的研究。首先简要介绍了CPA短脉冲高功率激光系统的发展，论述了在天文领域、同步辐射线工程、激光核聚变领域对大口径衍射光栅的需求；回顾了衍射光栅的制造历史；综述了目前国内外光栅拼接技术的研究现状。基于平行光栅对的色散和压缩理论，研究了拼接光栅系统的角色散、各阶色散的特性及对压缩脉冲的影响。分析了一阶、二阶色散对聚焦脉冲宽度的影响和各维偏差之间的补偿关系；计算了拼接光栅各维偏差的时域精度要求。基于矩阵理论建立了具有创新性的阵列光栅远场模型，据此方法可以分析任意拼接位置状态下的焦斑特性，可以进一步研究拼接光栅压缩器的远场焦斑特性。根据傅立叶角谱理论，分析了阵列光栅压缩器的远场特性。用MATLAB编制程序，模拟计算了不同偏差情况下的焦斑分布，为拼接光栅的检测工作提供了有益的参考。分析了研制大面积衍射光栅的困难；介绍了高精度、高稳定性拼接光栅调整架的设计要求以及我们实验室探索的几种调整机构；利用自行设计的4维光栅调整机构展开拼接光栅的验证实验，基于干涉条纹和远场焦斑的方法调节和控制拼接光栅的俯仰、左右、条纹平行度偏差和前后位移偏差；用拼接光栅构成压缩器，测试拼接光栅的时域特性，验证了拼接光栅在时域可以等效于单片完整光栅来使用。在总结分析国内外检测方法的基础上，对实用于我国的PW高功率激光系统的拼接光栅系统检测方法作了初步的探索。 |
| 英文摘要 | Ignition scale facilities now under construction, such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the United States and the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) in Frances, associated with the chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) technique constitute a remarkable opportunity to generate ultrahigh intensities (UHI) coupled with high-energetic beams. The generation of the UHI beam has significantly been improved by the progress obtained in the field of the CPA technique combined with optical parametric amplification (OPA). However, one key issue that improves the output energy of CPA or OPCPA Laser remains in the compression stage for the final gratings in the compressor are exposed to the full beam energy in the ultra-short pulse regime. The optimal technology for the grating realization is the multilayer dielectric (MLD) grating. This technology has reached a damage fluence of more than 2J/cm2 in the right section for an incidence angle of 72º for a 500fs pulse duration. The damage threshold depends strongly on the incident angle on the component and on the pulse duration. This implies the use of a high angle(>70º),and consequently very large components are required to cover the entire beam. Tiled-grating technology has been adopted by many laboratories,The alignment errors of tiling gratings will bring new optical property . Based on the former fruits, the temporal and spatial characteristic, detection methods of tiling gratings are studied in detail and general in this thesis.First, introduce the development of the CPA laser system, discuss the demand of large area gratings in astronomy field, synchrotron radiation, laser nuclear fusion field; retrospect the development of the diffraction gratings; review the development of the tiling gratings technology internationally.Based on the dispersion and compression theory of parallel grating pair, analyze the property of angular dispersion, dispersion of tiled-grating compressor and the effects on the focus pulse duration about 1st and 2nd dispersion,discuss the compensation between errors. Determine the alignment precision in temporal field of the tiling gratings in case of arbitrary parameters.Based on the matrix theory and Fourier angular spectral theory, develope an original model to analyze the focal spot property of tiling gratings in arbitrary orientation, and then to study the property of tiled-grating compressor. Make some simulation presenting available consults for the detection of tiled-grating system.Use the self-designed 4-D grating alignment mounts to study the property of tiled-grating system, based on the fringe pattern and far-field approach to align and control the tip, tilt, groove parallelism and the piston error of tilting gratings; Use the tiling gratings as the pulse compressor to demonstrate its temporal property, and demonstrated that the tiling gratings could act as one monolithic component in temporal field. Introduce the difficulty of manufacturing large aperture grating and designing the grating alignment mounts; Sumarized the detection methods adopted by many Labs, then search after the available detection methods for the PW Lasers for our country. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15610]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马雪梅. 光栅拼接技术的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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