分布式光纤传感技术的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 甘久林 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 瞿荣辉 ; 蔡海文 |
| 关键词 | 光纤传感 分布式传感 光纤光栅 布里渊散射 光纤Sagnac环 |
| 其他题名 | Study on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology |
| 中文摘要 | 分布式光纤传感器不仅具有普通光纤传感器的全部优点，如抗电磁干扰、体积小、重量轻、绝缘、耐高温、耐腐蚀等，而且可以在整个传感长度上对沿光纤分布的相关物理参量进行连续测量。分布式光纤传感技术能做到对大型基础工程设施的每一个部位像人的神经系统一样进行感知、远程监测和监控，在重大灾害和大型基础设施监测预警领域，发展分布式光纤传感技术已成为国际高科技竞争的焦点和制高点，代表了未来传感技术的发展方向。 本论文工作针对具有广泛应用前景和重要研究价值的几种分布式光纤传感技术进行了深入的实验和探索：光纤光栅准分布式传感技术、基于布里渊散射的分布式光纤传感技术和基于光纤干涉效应的传感技术。主要研究内容以及研究结果如下： 1、创新性的提出一种基于光纤光栅和光纤衰荡腔的分布式传感技术，实现光纤光栅栅区范围内的高空间分辨率准分布式传感网络。针对此技术，详细的介绍了其基本原理，并设计相应的传感系统，搭建均匀应变和非均匀应变测试平台，测试结果表明，此技术可以实现光纤光栅栅区范围内的分布式应变传感，实验空间定位精度达到2mm（理论上可以达到亚毫米量级）。在此技术结构上，还实现了级联光纤光栅准分布式传感网络，此网络中，所有级联的光纤光栅在栅区范围内均能实现分布式传感，从而在宏观结构和微小结构上实现应用光纤光栅传感网络。 2、搭建基于自发布里渊散射的分布式光纤温度和应变传感（BOTDR）系统样机。详细介绍整个BOTDR系统样机结构和信号数据处理流程，采用自研的光纤单频激光器作为种子光源；采用光学相干拍频的技术方案，研制布里渊激光器做为相干拍频本地光，实现将布里渊频移由11GHz宽带移频至400MHz；基于高速数据采集卡和Labview编写数据采集处理的系统软件。搭建温度和应变测试平台，对整个传感系统样机进行分布式温度和应变传感测试，实验结果表明：传感范围达到25km，空间分辨率达到5m，温度分辨精度为±2℃，应变分辨精度为±40με。 3、创新性的提出一种基于π相移Sagnac环结构的光纤压力传感技术，实现基于光纤萨格纳克（Sagnac）干涉仪的动态大压力传感系统。针对此技术的优势进行详细的理论分析。利用π相移Sagnac环结构进行裸光纤静态压力和动态压力的实验，实验结果与原理吻合得非常理想，结果表明基于此技术可以实现高灵敏度、高重复性和实用性强的光纤压力传感器。使用碳纤维预浸布材料进行光纤保护封装，此封装技术使得传感头的承受压力范围扩大到25吨以上，基于此封装技术进行了光纤大压力传感测量，并进行了初步的现场演示应用。相关实验结果表明此技术具有响应速度快，抗环境干扰能力强的优点，具有很好的应用潜力和前景。 |
| 英文摘要 | Distributed optical fiber sensor not only has all advantages of single fiber sensor, such as electromagnetic -free, small size, light weight, insulation, high temperature resistance, anti-corrosive and so on, but also could measure the related physical characters continuously along the sensing fiber. Every key spot of large-scale infrastructure could be monitored remotely using this kind of sensing system, which is very useful in the disaster monitoring application. Therefore, developing distributed optical fiber sensor has become a focus of science and technology competition, which reprents the development trends of sensor technology. This dissertation is mainly focused on analysis and experimental study of three kinds of distributed optical fiber sensing technologies, which are widely developed nowadays. The three kinds of distributed optical fiber sensing technologyies are based on fiber grating, Brillouin scattering and fiber interferometer, respectively. The main contents and research achievements are as follows: 1. A novel and simple high spatial resolution distributed sensor system based on fiber grating and fiber loop ringdown (FLRD) was proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The FLRD integrated with optical time domain location scheme was used to realize the high spatial resolution within the grating section in the fiber. A proof-of-concept distributed strain sensor was realized and demonstrated, 2mm spatial resolution were achived in the scheme with strain applied on the grating area. A sensing network with three gratings was also demonstrated experimentally, and the distributed strain measurement could be performed within every fiber grating area. The results demonstrate the feasibility to enhance spatial resolution of the fiber grating sensing network of distributed strain measurement. 2. A distributed optical fiber temperature and strain sensor based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering was proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The system structure and signal processing procedure were introduced in detail: the home-made fiber single-frequency laser was choosed as the light source; optical coherent radio-frequency detection method was used and a single frequency Brillouin fiber laser was developed as the local oscillator of the heterodyne detection, so that the coherent beat signal was shifted from expensive microwave (11GHz) to RF (400MHz) region; the software for the system was developed based on high-speed data acquisition card and LabVIEW. A prototype of the distributed optical fiber temperature and strain sensor system was assembled and demonstrated. A spatial resolution of 5m was achieved for a 25km single mode fiber, with the temperature resolution of ±2℃ and the strain resolution of ±40με. 3. A novel dynamic large pressure sensor based on π-shifted all single-mode fiber Sagnac interferometer (SMF-SI) was proposed and analyzed. This π-shifted SMF-SI configuration eliminated the uncertainty orientation of birefringence in fiber loop and exhibited an excellent repeatability and high sensitivity of pressure sensing. A pressure sensor was implemented successfully to measure the static and dynamic pressure and the results agreed very well with the theoretical analysis. After protected by prepreg tow piece (PTP) material, the sensor head could bear pressure up to 250KN. Large pressure experiment and field test with the packaged sensor head were processed. It showed that the system had the following good feature: simple structure, high speed responsibility, excellent repeatability and good anti-environment disturbance ability |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15671]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 甘久林. 分布式光纤传感技术的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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