玉石及中国古代玻璃的微量元素分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 斯琴毕力格 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 干福熹 |
| 关键词 | 玉石 古代玻璃 微量元素 |
| 其他题名 | Trace element analysis of jade minerals and ancient Chinese glass |
| 中文摘要 | 本论文主要应用了辉光放电质谱（GD-MS），激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（LA-ICP-AES）等手段分析了玉石以及古代玻璃的成分，并结合多元统计分析方法研究了不同地区软玉、蛇纹石玉的元素特征，以及一批中国古代玻璃的化学成分、着色特征和系统分类等。同时将这几种固体材料分析方法进行了比较和印证，讨论了不同分析测试方法的优缺点。 论文的主要内容包含以下几个方面： （一）通过GD-MS、LA-ICP-AES等方法研究分析了软玉的主量、次量和微量元素，验证了软玉的元素组成和其成矿类型和地质环境有着密切关联。一般白云石大理岩成因的软玉（D型）Fe、Cr、Co及Ni等元素含量较低，而蛇纹石成因的软玉（S型）其Fe、Cr、Co及Ni等元素含量较高，可以通过这些元素含量很好的区分两种成矿类型的软玉。此外来自汶川地区的软玉和小梅岭地区软玉有某些特征元素，这些都是由于其独特的地质环境造成的，通过这些特征元素我们能够区分这些来自特定地区的软玉。 （二）通过GD-MS和LA-ICP-AES方法分析了不同地区的蛇纹石玉。蓝田、陆川、淅川、岫岩以及新西兰蛇纹石玉在Fe、Cr、Co、Ni、Mn和Ti等元素上有所区别。蛇纹石中主要致色元素为铁元素，铁含量较高的表现出深色，铁含量较低的一般为浅色。 （三）通过GD-MS、LA-ICP-MS和LA-ICP-AES方法测试了古代玻璃样品。这些玻璃中3例为钠钾铅硅酸盐玻璃，GD-MS和LA-ICP-AES结果均表明含有很高的Pb、Sn、Cu及Zn元素，其不透明绿色主要是由铜离子和锡酸铅共同作用的结果。其余玻璃均为钾玻璃，通过主成分分析法分成三类：低钙钾玻璃，中等铝钙钾玻璃和高铝高钙钾玻璃。此外对这批钾玻璃着色剂类型进行了分析。LA-ICP-MS方法分析了十件玻璃的稀土元素，发现钴着色玻璃的Ce元素有很明显的正异常，来自风门岭和九只岭地区的钾玻璃Eu-Gd趋势线有差别。 （四）对不同的分析方法进行了对比研究。GD-MS方法和中子活化分析（INAA）方法在软玉的元素含量分析中两者结果能够很好地吻合；对于高含量的元素LA-ICP-AES测得数据和GD-MS测得数据有良好线性关系，而对于低含量元素线性关系很差。LA-ICP-MS和LA-ICP-AES分析古代玻璃时对于大部分元素两者有很好的线性关系，Sb、V等元素线性较差。总体上来说GD-MS和LA-ICP-MS方法在含量很低的元素测量中优于LA-ICP-AES。 （五）讨论了玉石及古代玻璃分析方法的一些改进以及拓展工作。 |
| 英文摘要 | Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-AES) were used on the analysis of jade minerals and ancient glass. Multivariate statistical analysis was also applied to study the elemental characteristics of nephrite minerals and serpentine jade minerals from different deposits. Chemical component, coloring agents and classification of the ancient Chinese glass were also studied. The results obtained by different solid analysis methods were also compared with each other, and the advateges and disadvatages of different analysis methods were discussed. The main contents of this dissertation are listed as follows: (1) GD-MS, LA-ICP-AES were used on the analysis of major, minor and trace elements of nephrite minerals. It was found that the elemental compositions were closely related to their metallogenic types and geological environments. Dolomitic-marble-related nephrite minerals (D type) have low concentrations of Fe, Cr, Co and Ni elements, while serpentine-related nephrite minerals (S type) have higher concentration of Fe, Cr, Co and Ni, so these elements could be used on the classification of two different metallogenic types. Further more, nephrite minerals from Wenchuan and nephrite minerals from Xiaomeiling have characteristic elements. These were caused by their special geological environments, and with these characteristic elements we could distinguish nephrite minerals from these specific deposits with others. (2) Serpentine jade minerals from different places were analyzed by GD-MS and LA-ICP-AES. It was found that Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn and Ti elements were different among the serpentine jade minerals from Lantian, Xichuan, Xiuyan and New Zealand. The coloring element in serpentine is mainly Fe element, serpentine with higher Fe concentration exhibits deeper color than serpentine with lower Fe concentration. (3) Ancient glasses were analyzed by GD-MS, LA-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-AES methods. Three samples were Na-K-Pb-Si glass, results of GD-MS and LA-ICP-AES show high contents of Pb, Sn, Cu and Zn in these samples. The opaque green color was caused by copper ion together with PbSnO3. Other glasses were potash glass, and they were separated into three groups: low lime potash glass, moderate lime moderate alumina potash glass and high lime high alumina potash glass. Their coloring agents were also studied. Rare earth elements of ten samples were determined by LA-ICP-MS, it was shown that Ce element exhibited apparent positive anomaly in the “cobalt blue” glass, and glasses from Fengmenling and Jiuzhiling had different Eu-Gd trend. (4) Different analysis methods were compared in this study. The results of GD-MS method and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were consistent in the analysis of elements in nephrite minerals; LA-ICP-AES and GD-MS had a good linear relationship with each other on the analysis of elements with high concentration, while they had a bad linear relationship with each other on the analysis of elements with low concentration. There were very good linear relationships between results of ancient glass by LA-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-AES with most of the elements, while Sb and V were exception. Generally, GD-MS and LA-ICP-MS performed better on the analysis of elements with very low concentration. (5) Improvements on methods applied in analysis of jade minerals and ancient glass were also discussed. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15723]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 斯琴毕力格. 玉石及中国古代玻璃的微量元素分析[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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