新型透明电光陶瓷的特性及器件技术研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张学娇 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2016 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 瞿荣辉 |
| 关键词 | 弛豫铁电体 PLZT/PMNT电光陶瓷 强激光与物质的相互作用 电光调制器件，飞秒激光微加工 |
| 其他题名 | Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research on Characteristics and Device Technology of Novel Research o |
| 中文摘要 | 弛豫铁电体(Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 (PLZT)和Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMNT)以其优越的介电性能、压电性能和电致伸缩性能已经在几十年前就引起了广泛的关注。近年来，PLZT和PMNT显著的电控双折射效应被发掘出来，表现出了很好的电光效应。该材料优点包括大电光系数（室温下是铌酸锂的近100倍）、高光学透过率、快速响应、大尺寸（成熟的生长工艺）、高激光损伤阈值等，因此在超快激光光电子领域和高功率激光系统中均有着广阔的应用前景。目前已有报道将其应用在护目镜、光开关、调制器和激光器中，并获得了良好的性能。而对陶瓷优异的光学性能研究虽然很多，但是其影响机制还远远不够清晰。 本论文以PLZT/PMNT为代表，对已见报道的新型透明陶瓷的各项光学性能及影响机制做出了总结，进一步深入研究了环境温度、高频高压等对电光性能的影响。测试并分析了PLZT的激光损伤阈值和损伤机制，以及PMNT在强场激光下的非线性效应。在此基础上，利用透明陶瓷的性能特点，创新性地将其应用于电光调制器件之中。论文主要研究内容和创新性成果如下： （1）透明电光陶瓷的特性研究 ? 首先，在以往研究的基础之上，通过改善材料加工中的烧结工艺、烧结时长、烧结温度控制得到了良好电光性能的高透过率透明陶瓷。分析了材料组份及稀土离子掺杂对陶瓷各项性能的影响。从弛豫铁电体的基本理论模型出发，利用各种材料表征手段，分析了陶瓷的晶粒尺寸及致密性、晶向结构和电畴尺寸的大小对陶瓷各项性能的影响。其次，详细地研究了各温度下PMNT透明陶瓷的电光性能。提出可以利用温度控制电畴状态来得到合适电光系数，获得良好的电光性能。研究了从可见光到近红外以及中红外波段的电光差异以及对温度的依赖关系。最后，利用基于相位的光时域反射仪(φ-OTDR)对陶瓷在高频高压下的电致伸缩效应及其对电光调制的影响进行研究。 ? 分别研究了PLZT在单脉冲或多个脉冲的纳秒及飞秒激光作用下的损伤特性和损伤机理。从低功率到高功率纳秒激光诱导陶瓷表面损伤以及多脉冲诱导材料损伤的演化过程做出分析。陶瓷体损伤主要是由热爆炸和自聚焦效应引起的。热爆炸的主要成因是晶粒结构的膨胀和晶界之间的气孔杂质的膨胀等。另外，纳秒脉宽的热损伤瞬间形成的高温会使O=Pb破坏并重新结合为PbO蒸发出晶格，造成晶粒结构的破坏。在飞秒激光作用下，损伤机制主要表现为用多光子吸收和碰撞电离。 ? 用 Z 扫描的方法对飞秒激光作用下PMNT陶瓷薄片的非线性效应进行了研究。以脉宽340 fs，重复频率100 Hz，谐振波长分别为515 nm和1030 nm的光纤激光器作为光源，通过开孔Z扫描技术测量了非线性吸收系数。当波长为515 nm时，测得双光子吸收系数为9.6 cm/GW，当波长为1030 nm时，测得三光子吸收系数为0.091 cm3/GW2。材料外加电场强度从0增加至3 kV/cm，材料非线性吸收基本不受影响，Reχ(3)由1.85×10-8 esu上升为3.87×10-8 esu，增大了110%，对此剧烈的变化进行了机理分析。 （2） 基于透明陶瓷的电光器件研究 ? 设计了以Sagnac环干涉仪互易结构为基础的PMNT透明陶瓷偏振无关电光调制器以满足高功率应用需求。用琼斯矩阵的方法理论上推导了入射光依次通过各个元件的输出结果，最终确定了电光调制器的偏振无关特性。建立了相应的理论模型，并理论仿真了不同偏振态的光入射时电光调制器的输出状态。分析了实际应用中分束比、两半波片主轴位置误差、各反射面和透射引起的额外相移等等对调制器性能的影响，最终搭建了偏振无关电光调制器实物，进行了详细的实验研究。偏振无关电光调制器的半波电压为305 V，消光比保持在23 dB左右，响应速度可达到180 ns。最后详细设计并制作了调制器的封装结构，并完成了整个偏振无关电光开关的封装以及调试。 ? 另外，基于陶瓷的二次电光调制将其创新性地与线性光频转换技术相结合，提出了一种新颖的单频激光的腔外线性调频技术，用于实现激光快速线性调频。在理论上分析了线性调频的原理，可实现单频激光器的宽带线性调谐，理论上转换效率为100%。设计实验验证了原理的正确性，实现了调频信号的输出。 ? 最后，创新性地将飞秒激光微加工技术与透明电光陶瓷技术相结合，采用飞秒激光直写技术，在PLZT透明电光陶瓷中制造了热稳定、低损耗的双线光波导和单线双波导，1550 nm波长的耦合损耗在2 dB左右。采用飞秒激光辅助镀铜电极制造技术，将嵌入式的三维微电极集成在光波导的两侧，并成功实现电光集成。 |
| 英文摘要 | Research about relaxor ferroelectrics (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 (PLZT) and (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMNT) have attracted many attentions for almost three decades due to their superior dielectric, piezoelectric, and electrostrictive properties. Recently, excellent electro-optic (EO) property due to birefringence effect is also observed in PLZT and PMNT transparent ceramics. High quadratic EO coefficients which is about 100 times higher than that of the famous LiNbO3 at room temperature, high transmittance, high-speed responsibility, mature growth technique with large size and high laser damage threshold are all attracvtive advantages. Such advances give the novel ceramics broad application prospects in the fields of ultra-fast laser photonics and high power laser systems. Although there are lots of researches on optical properties of the ceramics, inside mechanisms are still far from clear. In this paper, the reports that optical properties and mechanisms of transparent ceramic are summarized. The impacts on EO effect due to ambient temperature and electrostrictive effects under high frequency voltage are studied in depth. The laser induced damage threshold of PLZT ceramic and the nonlinear effect of PMNT influenced by high intensity are measured and analyzed for the first time. Based on above excellent characteristics, the ceramics are applied to designed novel EO devices. The major results and innovative achievements are as follow: ? Research on the optical properties of EO ceramics ? Firstly, sintering process is improved which includes the controlling of sintering method, sintering time and temperature to obtain high optical transmittance of ceramics with excellent EO properties. Material composition and ions-doped have an effect on the optical characteristics. Beginning with the basic theoretical model of relaxation ferroelectrics, the impact on ceramic properties due to the grain size and density of the ceramic, crystal structure and electrical domain size are analyzed. Secondly, PMNT electro-optical properties under different temperature are studied. Electric domain state controlled by temperature can be utilized to generate appropriate EO effect. Differences of electro-optic properties from visible and near infrared to mid-infrare wavelength with temperature dependence are researched. Finally, the electrostrictive effect of ceramics is measured taking advantage of the technology ofφ-OTDR. The influence of electrostrictive effect on electro-optic modulation is also studied. ? Nanosecond laser induce damage studies of PLZT ceramics single and multiple pulses are performed. The evolution of damage morphology and damage probability threshold under multiple irradiations reveals that fatigue effects are affected by both laser fluence and shot numbers. The bulk damage is caused by thermal explosion and self-focusing. Single and multiple femtosecond pulses are also employed to irradiate on the sample. ? Nonlinear optical properties in PMNT(3/75/25) transparent ceramic is also studied in the paper. The optical nonlinearity is investigated employing z-scan technique at the off-resonant wavelengths of 515 nm and 1030 nm. The two photon absorption coefficients is measured up to be 9.6 cm/GW at 515nm, while three-photon absorption coefficients is found to up be 0.091cm3/GW2 at the 1030 nm. When an external electric field was applied to the PMNT, we found that increasing the electric field from 0 to 3.5 kV/cm in the closed-aperture Z-scan experiment, Reχ(3) increased from 1.85×10-8 esu to 3.87×10-8 esu，an increase of 110%. ? Research on E-O devices based on the novel transparent ceramics. ? A novel high power polarization-independent electro-optic switch technology based on a reciprocal structure Sagnac interferometer and a transparent quadratic electro-optic ceramic is proposed and analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The output light becomes polarization-independent with respect to the polarization direction of the input light. The switch characteristics, including splitter ratios and polarization states, are theoretically analyzed and simulated in detail by the Jones matrix multiplication. An experimental setup is built to verify the analysis and experimental results. A new component ceramic is used to lower half-voltage (305 V) and maintain the ratio above 23 dB. It is believed that potential applications for the novel polarization-independent electro-optic switch technology proposed in this work will be wide especially in ultrafast high-power laser system. ? In addition, a novel external cavity of linear frequency modulation technique for single frequency laser is proposed innovatively utilizing ceramic EO property, combined with the linear optical frequency conversion technology. The principle of linear frequency modulation is analyzed. It can realize single frequency laser with broadband linear tuning range and a theoretically conversion efficiency of 100%. Experiments are conducted to realize the frequency modulation signal output. ? Optical waveguide and embedded micro-electrode fabrication are induced in the transparent PLZT ceramic by femtosecond laser micromachining. The measured propagation loss of the waveguide at 1550 nm is only 2 dB/cm. It opens up new opportunities for EO transparent ceramic applications and integrated EO devices. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15968]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张学娇. 新型透明电光陶瓷的特性及器件技术研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2016. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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