独山玉和岫玉的岩相结构和无损分析研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘志勇 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 干福熹 |
| 关键词 | 独山玉 岫岩玉 古玉器 岩相结构 无损分析 |
| 其他题名 | Mineral structure and non-destructive analysis of Dushan Jade and Xiuyan Jade |
| 中文摘要 | 我国自古以来就有“玉石之国”的美称，玉文化是中华文明极其重要的一部分。河南南阳独山玉和辽宁岫玉是我国古代和现代都广泛应用的的玉材。研究独山玉和岫玉的岩相结构进而探索其无损鉴别的方法，对于深化古玉器研究以及规范现代玉材产业都具有重要意义。 利用外束质子激发X荧光（Proton Induced X-ray Emission , PIXE）技术和扫描电子显微镜配备的能量色散X射线能谱仪（Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer , SEM-EDS）分析了独山玉和岫玉玉石样品的化学成分；采用X射线衍射技术（X-Ray Diffraction , XRD）、激光拉曼光谱技术（Raman）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术分析了玉石样品的岩相组成和微观形貌。结合外束PIXE、XRD和Raman技术对我国几个古文化遗址出土的玉器文物进行表征，用来无损地判定古玉器样品的玉质。本研究还对玉石颜色、透明度、硬度等物理性质的影响因素进行了讨论。 本研究得到的主要结果为： ① 概述了独山玉的产地和使用历史。对河南南阳独山玉样品进行了岩相结构分析。实验结果表明独山玉样品主要为斜长石类矿物（主要为钙长石），含有少量透闪石、云母等矿物。玉石的矿物成分与玉石的成矿过程有密切关系。矿物晶粒细小且结合紧密是独山玉具有高稳定性的主要原因。独山玉的主要拉曼特征峰出现在485、506和552cm-1处；独山玉主要化学成分为CaO、Al2O3和SiO2；微量元素Sr含量相对极高，这些特征有助于独山玉玉器的无损鉴别。 ② 概述了岫玉的产地、类别概念和使用历史。分析了产于辽宁省岫岩县玉石样品的岩相结构。辽宁岫玉主要为蛇纹石矿物组成，其它矿物含量较少。岫玉的抗拉强度不高，韧性也很低，与叶蛇纹石的晶粒多呈叶片状和板条状，晶粒间结合并不紧密有较大关系。岫玉的主要化学成分为MgO和SiO2。岫玉的主要拉曼光谱特征峰出现在231、378、685 cm-1和1048cm-1处，且都与叶蛇纹石分子有关。 ③利用无损分析方法对古玉器样品进行表征，通过对比研究古玉器样品和玉石样品的无损分析数据，可以成功地判定古玉器样品的玉质为蛇纹石玉。古玉器中含有的微量元素与所用玉材产地的成矿地球化学环境密切相关，本研究初步对古玉器样品的玉材产地溯源进行了探索。 |
| 英文摘要 | China has a good name of “the country of jade” since ancient times. Jade culture is a very important part of the brilliant Chinese traditional culture. Dushan Jade and Xiuyan Jade are both widely used in ancient and modern times. Investigation of the mineral structure of Dushan Jade and Xiuyan Jade, and further exploring an effective and non-destructive means for identification of them, are very beneficial to the further study of ancient jade artifacts and the modern jade material industry. External beam proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) techniques were used to analyze the chemical compositions of Dushan Jade samples from Henan province and Xiuyan Jade samples from Liaoning province. X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectra (Raman) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to measure the structure and micro-morphology of samples. PIXE, XRD and Raman spectra were also used to study the ancient jade artifacts in non-destructive way. Factors influencing the physical properties, such as color, toughness, of jade, were discussed. The conclusions in this study are as follows: ① the producing areas and application history of Dushan Jade were summarized. Several Dushan Jade samples produced from Nanyang, Henan province were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the major mineral component in Dushan Jade is anorthite, with a little of tremolite and muscovite. Grains are very small in size and integrate tightly with each other. The high stability of Dushan Jade is correlated with the microstructure. The peaks at 485, 506 cm-1 and 552 cm-1 are the characteristic Raman peaks；CaO, Al2O3 and SiO2 are the main chemical component with a relative high content of Sr element. The characteristics of Dushan Jade mentioned above are very helpful to identify of ancient Dushan Jade artifacts nondestructively. ② The producing area, concept and application history of Xiuyan Jade were summarized in this study. Xiuyan Jade samples produced from Liaoning province were analyzed. The main mineral component is antigorite with little other minerals. Grains are leaf or batten shaped and not tightly integrated. Xiuyan Jade has low resistance to tensile stress and low toughness, which is correlated with the microstructure. MgO and SiO2 are the main chemical component. The peaks at 231, 378, 685 cm-1and 1048 cm-1 are the characteristic Raman peaks of Xiuyan Jade, which are all assigned to antigorite. ③Appraised the material of ancient jade artifacts were serpentine jade successfully and nondestructively based on comparative study of Xiuyan jade and ancient jade artifacts. As different areas have different mineralization conditions, trace elements in jade contains information for the provenance. In the present work, provenance of ancient jade material is also primarily discussed. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16387]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘志勇. 独山玉和岫玉的岩相结构和无损分析研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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