中国古代玻璃着色的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 段浩 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 干福熹 |
| 关键词 | 中国古代着色玻璃 实验室模拟 电子顺磁共振 UV-Vis吸收光谱 色度坐标 |
| 其他题名 | Study on the coloration of ancient Chinese glasses |
| 中文摘要 | 玻璃是最古老的人工材料之一，它是人类在创造文明社会过程中，伴随着生产和生活的不断进步而发现与创造的。它的发展衍变，留下了人类文明演进的痕迹。而颜色玻璃作为其中重要的一类，在古代往往被人们视为宝石而珍藏，即便在当今玻璃领域中还是很重要。玻璃的着色剂主要是其中的次（微）量元素，这些“指纹元素”可以为判别玻璃的制造原料、制作地点和制作工艺等提供有益信息。中国古代玻璃着色的研究对于探讨中国古代玻璃技术的起源、发展，丰富中国古代玻璃研究的内涵，以及与此相关的早期中、西方技术、文化、经济交流等具有重要意义。 本实验中，我们参照若干古代玻璃系统（PbO-BaO-SiO2 、K2O-SiO2 、K2O-PbO-SiO2和Na2O-CaO-SiO2）的平均化学成分，在实验室采用不同工艺参数制备了一批掺杂不同过渡金属离子（Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、Ni、Cr）的玻璃样品。运用电子顺磁共振（EPR）、紫外—可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis absorption spectra）分析等技术手段，确定了各种过渡金属离子在不同玻璃系统中的价态，研究了各种过渡金属离子在不同玻璃系统中的着色效应及不同成分系统对过渡金属离子着色的影响。研究结果为研究中国古代玻璃的着色提供了重要参考。 在此基础上，根据CIE1931标准对吸收光谱进行了色度学的标定。计算结果表明，不同过渡金属离子着色的玻璃，其主色调是不同的，从而可以从数据上直观的区分各系着色离子。这也可作为标准系统作为鉴定古代玻璃着色剂成分的参照。 此外，本文还收集并分析了一批中国境内出土的汉代以前蓝色玻璃文物的化学成分数据。结合化学成分结果对其着色情况进行了分析，结果显示这些蓝色玻璃基本都属于CuO或CoO着色。同时发现早在战国时期中国先民已经对玻璃中使用CuO着色有了一定的了解；而在中国自制玻璃中CoO着色剂的使用则应该不晚于西汉。通过对比CuO或CoO着色的不同成分系统模拟玻璃样品和古代玻璃文物样品在主色调上的差异，可较好的区分古代颜色玻璃中的Cu2+与Co2+着色。实验结果对进一步研究中国古代玻璃的着色具有重要意义。 |
| 英文摘要 | Glass is one of the oldest artificial materials. It emerged with the progress of social productivity, and its development marked the evolution of mankind society civilization. As one of the most important categories of glass, colored glass was usually valued as a gemstone in ancient times, and even now it is also very important in modernized glass industry. Concentrations of the colorant elements in glass are usually minor or trace level. These colorant elements can be used as finger print to identify the manufacturing sites，raw materials and techniques adopted for making glass. The study on the coloration of ancient Chinese glasses is one of the most important aspects in tracing the technological origin and development of Chinese ancient glasses. This study can provide us more useful clues for certifing the technical, cultural and economic exchange between East and West in the early time and also can enrich the meanings of ancient glass research. For the present research, we fabricated some simulated glass samples of different chemical systems, such as Na2O-CaO-SiO2, PbO-BaO-SiO2, K2O-SiO2 and K2O-PbO-SiO2 glasses, basing on the average chemical composition of the ancient glasses. These simulated glass samples are doped with transition metal ions (Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr) under various conditions. Through combining the Electronic Paramagnet Resonance (EPR) analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectrometry and other techniques, we determined the oxidation states of these transition metal ions and their coloring effect in different glass systems. The feature of EPR spectra are associated with the presence of the paramagnetic coloring ions and to their oxidation states. The absorption spectra show that they are related to transition metal ions in various glasses hosts and their valance states and micro-structure. This could be a basic step towards understanding the coloration of Chinese ancient glasses. On the basis of experimental results, we demarcated the chroma data of the absorption spectra obtained according to the CIE 1931 standards. The calculating results show that the dominant hue of various colored glass samples doped with various TM ions are different, and the variance can be distinguished from the data intuitively. These data can be used to identify the colorants of ancient glass artifacts as a standard system. Moreover, chemical composition of some early Chinese ancient glasses before the Han Dynasties were collected and studied. According to their chemical composition, the colorants in these glasses are analyzed. It reveals that most of these glasses were colored by CuO or CoO. The ancient Chinese people already learned how to stain the glass with CuO at least since Warring States, and with CoO no latter than the Western Han Dynasties. Through comparing the color of laboratory simulated glass samples colored by CuO or CoO with that of some ancient blue glass artifacts, we verified that the Copper-blue and Cobalt-blue of Chinese ancient glass artifacts can be identified successfully from the variance of dominant hue. This could be a meaningful step towards further understanding the coloration of Chinese ancient glasses. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16423]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 段浩. 中国古代玻璃着色的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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