高集成度时间间隔测量技术研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 雷琳君 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 陈卫标 |
| 关键词 | 星载激光高度计 时间间隔测量 延迟线插入 可编程逻辑阵列 |
| 其他题名 | Study of High Integrated Time Interval Measurement |
| 中文摘要 | 近年来，随着激光、光电技术的突飞猛进，星载激光高度计迅速发展，并在空间探测和对地观测中得到了十分广泛的应用。 高精度的时间间隔测量单元是星载激光高度计的关键部件，传统的时间间隔测量的方法采用分立元件或者几个功能独立的集成电路搭建电路，电路复杂，体积庞大，分辨率低，功耗大，易受外部干扰，性价比不高，在星载应用中受到很大限制。本文设计了一款基于FPGA实现的满足星载要求的高集成度时间间隔测量单元。在比较了主流的几种时间间隔测量方法后，综合考虑测量量程、时间分辨率以及在FPGA上实现可能性等几方面因素，采用了数字计数法结合抽头式延迟线插入法的技术实现了时间间隔的测量。 文中介绍了这个时间间隔测量单元的硬件设计和FPGA内部的程序设计，特别对各个组成模块的功能、结构和实现方法作了详细描述。单元的测时电路在单片FPGA中完成，因此具有受外界干扰小，功耗低，体积小，动态范围大等优点；单元选用的元器件具有航天级产品。根据正在研制的星载激光测距机，研制出一套基于FPGA的时间间隔测量单元。 通过地面检测，所研制的时间间隔测量单元的时间分辨率约为500ps。在0.5-10 km的距离测量范围内保持了良好的线性度，标准偏差小于270ps，最大可测量的时间间隔约为0.66ms，最高测量频率可达1500Hz，可直接应用到正在研制的星载激光高度计中。 由于FPGA具有可重复编程的特点，所研制的时间间隔测量单元还可以比较方便地进行一定的功能扩展与改进。文章最后讨论了脉宽测量（多通道扩展）、实时标定、减少亚稳态、提高分辨率及可靠性等几种。 |
| 英文摘要 | Technology of spaceborne altimeter is developing rapidly due to the technique improvement of laser and photoelectricity. Spaceborne altimeter is widely used in the space exploration and the earth observation. High accurate time-interval-unit (TIU) is an important component in spaceborne laser altimeter. In traditional design, TIU is made-up with some discrete components or integrated slugs of independent function. So the unit has many disadvantages such as complex circuit, huge capacity, low resolution, high power consumption, serious interference and high price. In this thesis, a design of high-integrated TIU implemented on a FPGA chip is presented. After comparing various methods of time-interval measurement, the technique of combining digital counting and digital interpolating is implemented. Detail design according to the parameters of our developing laser altimeter is conducted. This thesis describes particularly the hardware design of the TIU and program design of FPGA, such as the function, structure and implement of ingredients. The measurement circuit is carried out on a FPGA, as a result, the TIU has advantages of slight interference, low power consumption, small capacity and large dynamic range. Every components used in the unit have aerospace level alternative. A module of TIU is developed for our developing spaceborne laser altimeter. The time resolution of the TIU is about 500 ps in laboratory test. The good linear relationship is kept in the measurement range between 0.5 and 10 km, and the standard error is less than 270 ps. In additional, the unit can reach the highest time measurement range of 0.66ms with a repetition rate of 1500Hz. In summary, the module is used in the developing spaceborne laser altimeter successfully. Furthermore, as the FPGA has the characteristic of reprogrammability, the developed unit can be easily expanded or upgraded. In the last part of this thesis, the measurement of width of return laser pulse, the real-time calibration, the reduce of metastable state and the improvement of time resolution and reliability are discussed. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16442]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 雷琳君. 高集成度时间间隔测量技术研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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