中国古代玻璃的多技术方法研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 付强 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 导师 | 李青会 |
| 关键词 | 古代玻璃 无损分析 X射线荧光光谱 激光拉曼光谱 扫描电子显微镜 |
| 其他题名 | Multi-method Analysis of Ancient Glass in China |
| 中文摘要 | 多技术方法研究是揭示古代玻璃科技价值的有效途径。本文结合便携式能量色散型X射线荧光光谱(pXRF)、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术方法，对不同地区出土的古代玻璃以及其它相关硅酸盐质文物进行科学分析，进而探讨其化学成分分类、着色特征、原料、来源等问题。 论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面： (一) 采用pXRF对广州出土两汉、唐、南汉时期的74件玻璃单色珠、耳珰等器物的化学成分进行了系统分析，并探讨了表面风化对化学成分定量分析的影响。结果表明：这些玻璃可以划分为PbO-BaO-SiO2、PbO-SiO2、K2O-SiO2、Na2O-CaO-SiO2等成分体系。其中，Na2O-CaO-SiO2玻璃首次在广州东汉墓中得以发现。依据CaO、Al2O3含量，并结合微量元素Rb和Sr的比例，对所占比例最高的钾硅酸盐玻璃进行了亚类划分。另外，对部分样品进行激光拉曼光谱分析，检测到了Cu2O和PbSnO3两种化合物着色剂/乳浊剂。结合考古学研究资料，推断这些玻璃器来源于中国、南亚、东南亚、西亚等不同地区。 (二) 结合pXRF和激光拉曼光谱仪(LRS)，对河南平顶山应国墓地出土的21件战国晚期到汉代的硅酸盐制品进行了化学成分分析和微区物相分析。依据化学成分结果，将样品划分为铅钡硅酸玻璃、钾硅酸盐玻璃和釉砂、铅钡釉砂四类分别进行讨论，并对样品的着色机理进行了初步探讨；采用激光拉曼光谱在部分蜻蜓眼和圆环珠蓝色颜料中检测到了中国蓝(BaCuSi4O10)、中国紫(BaCuSi2O6)和中国深蓝(BaCu2Si2O7)，同时成功确定了部分样品中存在石英、方解石、碳酸铅、煅棕土、绿土等物相；结合考古研究资料，简要讨论了这些样品的来源。 (三) 结合XRF、XRD、Ramn、SEM-EDS等多种分析方法对甘肃礼县、张家川等地出土的春秋、战国到汉代的中国蓝(BaCuSi4O10)和中国紫(BaCuSi2O6)样品进行了分析研究。利用粉末X射线衍射成功鉴定出样品中含有石英、白铅矿、中国蓝、中国紫等物相；从拉曼光谱仪获得的光学显微图像清楚地观察到了蓝色和紫色颗粒的存在，拉曼特征谱确定其中有中国蓝和中国紫等晶相；利用扫描电镜系统对样品不同微区进行了结构和化学成分的同步分析，进一步确定了中国蓝、中国紫、石英、重晶石等物相的存在。结合分析结果，讨论了中国蓝和中国紫的原料、制备工艺、技术发展等问题。 |
| 英文摘要 | Multi-method analysis is an effective way to reveal the scientific and technical values of ancient glass. In this thesis, versatile techniques including portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF), Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze ancient glasses and other relative artifacts excavated from different sites. Based on the results, some issues such as chemical composition classification, colorants, raw materials and provenance were discussed. The main contents of this dissertation are listed as follows: (1) The chemical compositions of 74 ancient glass samples such as monochrome beads and ear pendants were analyzed using a portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. These glass artefacts were all unearthed from Guangzhou city in Guangdong province and were dated from Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Southern Han Dynasty. The effect of surface weathering on the quantitative analysis was discussed. It was found that these glass artefacts of the Han Dynasties could be divided into PbO-BaO-SiO2, PbO-SiO2, K2O-SiO2 and Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass systems. Among them, the Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glasses were first determined in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Based on the contents of CaO, Al2O3 and weight ratio of trace elements Rb to Sr, the potash glasses, which are the majority of those glasses analyzed, were further classified into some sub-types. In addition, some of the glass samples were analyzed using a laser Raman spectrometer. Crystalline Cu2O and PbSnO3, which were used as colorants and opacifiers, were successfully identified. Referred to the archaeological research results, these ancient glasses are thought to be from China, South & Southeast Asia and West Asia. (2) This current paper reports the chemical compositions and micro-area phases of 21 silicate artifacts samples analyzed by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and laser Raman spectrometer. Based on the chemical compositions, these samples can be divided into PbO-BaO-SiO2, K2O-SiO2 glass systems, faience and PbO-BaO glassy faience which were discussed respectively, and preliminary investigation about colorants in different parts of some samples were also involved. By laser Raman spectroscopy, Chinese blue (BaCuSi4O10, CB), Chinese purple (BaCuSi2O6,CP) and Chinese dark blue (BaCu2Si2O7, CDB) were identified invasively in the blue pigment of some eye beads and circular beads, and then a variety of crystalline phases including quartz, calcite, lead carbonate, burnt umber and terre verte were also analyzed successfully in the same way. Referred to the archaeological research results, the provenances of these samples were discussed briefly. (3) Multi-method, including XRF, XRD, Raman and SEM-EDS, were applied to characterize the Chinese blue and Chinese purple artifacts excavated from Li county and Zhangjiachuan county in Gansu province which were dated to Spring and Autumn and Warring States period to Han Dynasty. Crystalline particles of quartz, cerusite, Chinese blue and Chinese purple were identified by XRD; Blue and purple particles were observed clearly using the optical microscope of the Raman spectroscopy, and the typical Raman spectra showed that there were CB, CP and other crystalline phases. Characteristics of structure and chemical composition in different microareas were determined by SEM-EDS，as further determined the existence of crystalline phases such as CB, CP, quartz and barite. Based on the results, some issues such as raw materials, preparation technology and technology development were discussed. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16772]  |
| 专题 | 上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 付强. 中国古代玻璃的多技术方法研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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