合作+行为普遍存在于动物界和人类社会. 然而, 在激烈的生存斗争中, 合作行为的成因是难以被理解的一个谜题. Science在2005年把“合作行为是如何进化的”这一问题列为125个科学前沿问题之一. 本文从中国学者的角度出发, 梳理了国内研究者在合作行为这一领域的研究总体态势及研究现状, 进而从理论模型、行为学、神经基础、分子遗传学等角度探讨了合作行为的机制. 最后总结并讨论了中国学者在合作领域进行研究所拥有的优势及存在的不足, 并对今后的研究进行展望.

Cooperation has been observed in several levels of biological organization and among animals and humans. However, in a competitive world, cooperation is a conundrum. In 2005, editors from Science suggested 125 questions facing science for Science’s 125th anniversary, which include the question of “How Did Cooperative Behavior Evolve?”. From the perspective of Chinese scholars, we summarized the research trends and present research situation in the field of cooperative behavior. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanism of cooperative behavior from a variety of levels, including theories and models, behavioral patterns, neural bases, and molecular genetics. Finally, we briefly introduced the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese scholars in the field of cooperation research, and addressed the future research directions.