Present research is focused on the contamination characteristics of typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs, including OCPs and PBDEs) in typical regions. The pollutants species, concentrations, spatial distributions, and possible sources were discussed to form a scientific basis for contamination status, environmental behavior, and pollution control of POPs in China. Specific contents are described as below: This dissertation optimized a method for simultaneous determination of 23 OCPs in various environmental media. The method has participated the International Intercalibration Study, and the satisfaction results were obtained. The method was used to analyze the samples, investigate the composition, distribution and characterization of OCPs in the soils in China. OCPs were detected in all of the soil samples, the total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.10 to 3.5×103 ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were main OCPs. For other OCPs, the detection ratio or concentrations were low. Past use was possibly the main source of DDTs in soil in China, while there may be new source for a few regions，and the use of dicofol was a main source for some regions. HCHs in the soils were mainly derived from an old mixed source of technical HCHs and lindane. Past use and atmospheric deposition were possibly the main sources of other OCPs in soils in China. The composition, distribution and characterization of PBDEs in the soil in two typical industrial cities in China-Taiyuan City and Linfen City were studied in this paper. The main objectives of the present study were to identify the contaminationcharacteristics and possible sources of pollution. Soil is an important reservoir for many POPs including PBDEs. More information about the contamination status, environmental behavior and source of PBDEs in soil is therefore needed to be better understood. However, there is a shortage of data from China, especially typical industrial cities. So Taiyuan City and Linfen City were chosen as the typical regions. Forty-two PBDEs were identified in all of the soil samples in Taiyuan and Linfen City. The total concentrations of PBDEs in the urban surface soil samples in Taiyuan and Linfen ranged from 0.02 to 2.1×102 ng/g and 0.06 to 1.4×102 ng/g，respectively. Of the PBDE homologues, the dominant PBDEs detected was BDE 209. The contamination status of Taiyuan and Linfen was associated with the distribution of town regions and industrial plants. PBDE homologues analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the major source of PBDEs in Taiyuan and Linfen might be potentially associated with the prevalent use of Deca-BDEs as flame retardants. The contamination status of PBDEs in house dust in a mega-city in China was studied in this paper. The produces which used PBDEs as flame retardants are always found in houses. Since PBDEs can easily accumulate on particles, contamination of house dust has a direct impact on public health, increasing the risk of human exposure via inhalation, ingestion or direct skin contact. House dust samples were collected from five different kinds of houses in a mega-city of China. Forty-two PBDEs were analyzed in all of the samples and the total PBDEs concentration ranged from 1.4×102 to 1.3×103ng/g. The dominant PBDEs congener detected in house dust samples was BDE 209. The contamination of PBDEs in house dust was more seriously than that in soil in China. The source of PBDEs contamination was technical PBDEs which were prevalently used as flame retardants in house in China. This study also suggested that there was a potential threat of human exposure to PBDEs for residents of China’s metropolises. Especially for toddlers, house dust was possibly an important exposure route of PBDEs.