As the first line of defense against environmental threats, plant cell walls control the transport of molecules into the cells and may also provide functions affecting the transpiration and translocation of pollutants in plants. Therefore, elucidation of the fundamental functions of the plant cell wall in the interactions between root cell walls and organic contaminants is of great importance. It is believed that plant lipids play a crucial role in plant uptake and accumulation of organic contaminatants. Therefore, intensive researches have been carried out to investigate the relations between plant lipid contents and plant uptake of organic contaminatants and a lipid model has been established to predict capability of plant uptake organic contaminatants. However, a thorough understanding of the role of root cell walls, another important composition of plant cells, in plant uptake of organic contaminatants is still lacking. With the aim to elucidate contributions of plant root cell walls to the uptake and accumulation of organic contaminatants by plants, the effects of root cell walls on plant uptake of organic contaminatants, as well as the corresponding mechanisms, were investigated in this study which is summarized as follows.