云南两种珍稀鱼类的形态度量学和分子系统学研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杨博 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008-06 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨君兴 ; 陈小勇 |
| 关键词 | 鱇鱼良白鱼 遗传分化与多样性 大头鲤 形态度量学 分子系统学 |
| 其他题名 | The Study on Morphometrics and Molecular of Two Rare Fishes (Anabarilius grahami, Cyprinus pellegrini)in Yunnan |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 鱇鱼良白鱼（Anabarilius grahami）、大头鲤（Cyprinus pellegrini）均隶属于鲤形目（Cypriniformes）鲤科（Cyprinidae），是中国特有鱼类之一，仅在云南省分布，是抚仙湖和星云湖各自的主要经济鱼类。 本研究首先基于线粒体控制区全序列来研究我国抚仙湖鱇鱼良白鱼自然种群及人工驯养种群的遗传多样性，发现鱇鱼良白鱼人工驯养种群遗传多样性较高，种群复壮程度良好；自然种群遗传多样性匮乏，可能种群经历过“建群者效应”和“瓶颈效应”；并且各自然地理居群具有广泛的基因交流，不存在遗传分化，建议应被当成一个管理单元进行整体保护；同时，对照其他已报道的鱼类控制区结构，对鱇鱼良白鱼控制区结构进行了分析，识别了其终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区，找到了终止相关的序列TAS以及保守序列（CSB-F、CSB-D、CSB-1、CSB-2、CSB-3）。 其次，采用主成分分析方法对大头鲤及与其相关的三个鲤鱼类群——杞麓鲤（Cyprinus chilia）、华南鲤（Cyprinus rubrofuscus）及柏元鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. yuankiang×Cyprinus pellegrini）进行了可量性状分析，了解了不同类群的外部差异；依据主成分分析结果，运用逐步判别方法从37个可量性状中筛选出能有效鉴定大头鲤的10项形态指标：头长、吻长、吻宽、眼间距、尾柄高、头背部末端到腹鳍起点距离、背鳍起点到腹鳍起点距离、背鳍起点到臀鳍起点距离、背鳍末端到尾鳍背部起点距离、尾鳍背部起点到臀鳍起点距离，这些形态指标可以简单易行的从不同鲤鱼群体中筛选出大头鲤个体；同时通过60年代、80年代及2007年大头鲤的对比，发现大头鲤的外部形态已经发生了很大变化总体趋势是头部更加宽大，身体更加延长。 最后，利用线粒体控制区序列，并结合Genbank上的已发布的鲤鱼线粒体控制区序列，对从星云湖采集的62尾个体进行了分子系统学研究。结果显示：星云湖土著鲤鱼已经被大规模非土著鲤鱼入侵，大头鲤仅以杂交品系存在，星云湖土著鲤鱼面临严重危机，迫切需要进行有效保护。 |
| 英文摘要 | Anabarilius grahami, Cyprinus pellegrini (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are two of the endemic freshwater fishes in China, only distributed in Yunnan Province. First, the genetic diversity of A. grahami was studied based on the complete sequence of D-loop of mitochondria of 24 samples from two natural and one domestic population. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of domestic population is rather higher, they have recovered better than others; the genetic diversity of natural population is very low, it maybe result from “Founder effect” and “Bottleneck effect”; Nm is 25.8999 between two natural population, which shows widely gene flows and a low genetic divergence. Meanwhile, the mtDNA control region of A. grahami was found to be partitioned into three domains, namely, the termination associated sequence domain, the central conserved sequence domain and the conserved sequence block domain. The extended termination associated sequence (ETAS), two conserved blocks (CSB-F, CSB-D) in the central conserved sequence block domain and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB1, CSB2, CSB3) in the conserved sequence block domain were successfully identified comparing with their homology to those of other fishes. Secondly, a principle component analyses was conducted using the method of morphometrics among the carp populations (Cyprinus. pellegrini, Cyprinus. chilia, Cyprinus. rubrofuscus and some hybrid carps) in Lake Xingyun. The analysis result indicated that they are evidently different. Ten characters from thirty-seven characters were chosen to identify C. pellegrini by a stepwise discriminant analysis. As identifiable character indexes of the pure barless carp, they will be very important and dependable as a basis for restoration of the population of barless carp. Meanwhile, barless carps of 60’s, 80’s and 2007 were compared to analyze morphological changes. Last, comparing to three barless carps (two of 2007 from Jiangchuan Fshery Farm and one of 60’s from Lake Xingyun) and most common carps in GeneBank, the molecular systematics of 62 common carps from Lake Xingyun were studied base on the sequence of D-loop. The result revealed cryptic large-scale invasion of non-native genotypes of common carp and native genotype of hybrid strains in Lake Xingyun. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-13 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6077]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 昆明动物研究所_东南亚野生动物多样性 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨博. 云南两种珍稀鱼类的形态度量学和分子系统学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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