高原鳅属Triplophysa 部分类群的谱系地理学和形态 学研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 任秋 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨君兴,陈小勇 |
| 关键词 | 高原鳅属 细尾高原鳅 谱系地理 系统发育 形态学 |
| 其他题名 | Phylogeography and Morphology of Regional Subgroups of Triplophysa |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 高原鳅属Triplophysa隶属于鲤形目Cypriniformes、爬鳅科Balitoridae、条鳅亚科 Nemacheilinae，是条鳅亚科中最大的类群，广泛分布于青藏高原及邻近地区的河流及湖泊中。高原鳅属鱼类的起源、分布和演化与青藏高原的隆升有很大关系。 本研究运用分子系统学的方法，以横断山区及邻近地区的高原鳅属鱼类为研究对象，用线粒体Cytb基因构建的系统树为依据，并结合这个属在横断山区的分布格局和分子钟假说探讨了横断山区及邻近地区高原鳅属鱼类的系统发育关系，以及与自然历史的关系。选用了线粒体基因组中的Cytb基因和D-Loop基因作为遗传标记，对三江并流区跨流域广布种细尾高原鳅的种群遗传结构和谱系地理进行了研究，并结合这个种在三江并流区的分布格局和分子钟假说探讨了三江(金沙江、怒江和澜沧江) 的亲缘关系。运用鱼类形态度量学和形态分类学的方法，对三江并流区细尾高原鳅各地理种群的形态特征做了测量和描述，从形态指标上进行主成分分析以探讨其形态变异，并分析讨论了高原鳅属分类鉴定中比较稳定的形态特征，为高原鳅属鱼类的分类研究提供进一步的资料。 横断山区高原鳅属的系统发育结果显示，高原鳅属不为单系，赫氏鳅亚属中的叶尔羌高原鳅独立分化成一支，和何德奎等 (2006) 的研究结果一致；高原鳅亚属也不为单系，戴氏山鳅嵌到高原鳅亚属中，与高原鳅亚属中的南盘江高原鳅聚为一支。系统发育树显示，体型相似的种有更近的亲缘关系；地理关系较近的种有更近的亲缘关系；采自同一条水系的不同种在系统树上也有较近的亲缘关系。分子钟初步估算结果显示高原鳅亚属和外群 (红尾副鳅和横纹南鳅) 的分离时间是2.34-2.62Ma，高原鳅亚属内各分支的分化时间都处于3.6-1.7Ma青藏运动这个时间段，支持高原鳅亚属内各物种的分化是青藏高原隆升的直接结果。在三江并流区细尾高原鳅的谱系地理研究中，系统发育树显示各地理种群按水系分为三大支，怒江和澜沧江水系的种群有更近的亲缘关系；沱沱河和金沙江水系的种群有更近的亲缘关系；分布于同一条水系的种群有更近的亲缘关系。分子钟估算结果显示怒江支系和澜沧江支系与长江支系的分离时间为0.64-0.72Ma，澜沧江支系和怒江支系在0.30-0.34Ma年开始分离，与明庆忠和史正涛 (2006) 认为三江的形成时代为早更新世晚期自中更新世初期 (1.8Ma以后) 相吻合，青藏高原隆升中期的昆黄运动 (1.1-0.6Ma) 对细尾高原鳅种群的分化有重要的影响。对三江并流区细尾高原鳅各地理种群形态度量学的研究结果显示，可描述性状如体型、体色、体斑、口型和肠型在不同水系间变化最大，由主成分分析和散点图显示的可测量性状在不同水系以及同一水系的不同种群间变化不大，进一步验证了细尾高原鳅的单系性。高原鳅属的物种分类鉴定需要建立在多个体征综合考虑的基础上，不能过分强调一些受环境影响较大的特征，如体斑体色、须的长短、口唇结构等在物种区分和鉴定中的作用。另外，在本研究过程中发现并描述高原鳅属一新种。 |
| 英文摘要 | Triplophysa is the richest group of Nemacheilinae (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae), and it is known widely spread in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and adjacent areas. There have a significant relationship between the origin, distribution and evolution of Triplophysa species and the rise of Plateau. This thesis use the molecular systematics method and chose mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) as marker to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Triplophysa of Henduan Mountain and adjacent area, and study the historical relationship based on the geographic structure and molecular clock hypothesis. We choose the Cytb and D-Loop genes as markers to study the population genetic structure and phylogeography of Triplophysa stenura in Three Parallel Rivers region. Based on the geographic structure and molecular clock hypothesis, this research discusses the geographic history of three rivers (Jinsha River, Lu River and Lancang River). We use the morphometrics and systematics method to measure and describe the morphological characters of Triplophysa stenura in Three Parallel Rivers region. Doing the principal component analysis (PCA) to explore and discuss the morphological differences of this species. We also analyze and discuss the stable morphological characters in classification and identification of Triplophysa, which intend to provide the reference of Triplophysa research. The result of chapter two indicates: the Triplophysa genus is not monophyly, T. yarkandensis of subgenus Hedinichthys is separated with the subgenus Triplophysa, which is the same result as He et al.(2006); the subgenus Triplophysa is not also monophyly, Oreias dabryi mixes with Triplophysa species; there is closer genetic relationship between species owning the same body shape, having closer distribution and collecting from the same river drainage; the result of molecular clock shows the detaching time of subgenus Triplophysa and outgroup is 2.34-2.62Ma and other branches’detaching time in subgenus Triplophysa is during the period of Qinghai-Tibet strongly rise (3.6-1.7Ma). Our result supports the viewpoint that the differentiation of Triplophysa species directly results from Qinghai-Tibet’s rise. In chapter three, the result indicates: the populations between Nu River and Lancang River have a closer relationship; Jinsha River and Tuotuo River have a closer relationship; the result of molecular clock shows the detaching time of Jinsha River is 0.64-0.72Ma, the detaching time of Nu River and Lancang River is 0.30-0.34Ma, which according to the viewpoint of Ming & Shi (2006) that the formation age of Three Parallel Rivers from the Upper Pleistocene to Later Pleistocene; Kun-Huang movement (1.1-0.6Ma) has a significant influence on population differentiation of Triplophysa stenura. The result of chapter four shows body shape, body color, body spot, mouth structure and intestine shape have a vital difference in different drainages. According to the result of PCA and scatter plot manifest that measure data has no differentiation between different populations in different drainages and same drainages, which further verify Triplophysa stenura is a stable monophyly. We put forward the conclusion that it cannot over emphasize some environmental influence most characters like body color, the barbel length and mouth structure in classification and identification of Triplophysa species. In addition, we find and describe a new species of Triplophysa during the research. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-04-23 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7382]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 昆明动物研究所_东南亚野生动物多样性 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 任秋. 高原鳅属Triplophysa 部分类群的谱系地理学和形态 学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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