滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）耳石微结构、微化学及其标记技术
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 赵亚鹏 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013-11 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨君兴,陈小勇 |
| 关键词 | 滇池金线鲃 耳石 日轮 年轮 元素分析 耳石标记 |
| 其他题名 | Otoliths microstructure , microchemisty and otoliths marking of Sinocyclocheilus grahami |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 滇池金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus grahami隶属于鲤形目（Cypriniformes）鲤科（Cyprinidae）金线鲃属（Sinocyclocheilus），为滇池流域特有的鱼类。本文以人工繁殖的滇池金线鲃仔稚鱼为实验材料，观察其耳石微结构特征，研究了仔稚鱼耳石的形态发育、日轮的沉积规律；以已知年龄和未知年龄的滇池金线鲃成鱼为对象，观察其椎体、脊椎骨及耳石的年轮特征；首次应用激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪对回捕的滇池金线鲃耳石进行微区元素分析，并对滇池金线鲃仔稚鱼耳石的荧光标记方法进行探讨，为其大规模放流标记提供了技术支持。主要结果如下：矢耳石和微耳石在仔鱼出膜当日出现，均呈圆盘状，矢耳石稍大，星耳石在仔鱼23日龄时出现，为不规则短棒状。随着仔鱼的发育，耳石的形状也逐渐改变。矢耳石在仔鱼22日龄开始出现呈纵向生长，90日龄时，形成稳定结构，前端呈长棒状突起、后端圆钝的箭头状；微耳石在仔鱼10日龄，近似椭圆形，90日龄时，前端呈圆形肾状，后端呈三角形突起。星耳石在仔鱼30~40日龄时为不规则的四边形，当仔鱼90日龄时，其前端背侧出现三角形基叶。滇池金线鲃3对耳石中，仅矢耳石和微耳石具有日轮结构。矢耳石在仔鱼20日龄前，矢耳石的轮纹与日龄的呈线性相关，相关方程为:D=0.9759N+0.2954（n=82，r2=0.990，P<0.001）（D为日龄，N为轮纹数量）。20d日龄出现纵向生长后，不再遵循日轮沉积规律。仔稚鱼不超过3月龄时，微耳石轮纹与日龄的关系呈线性相关，相关方程为：D=0.9759N+0.2954（n=90，r2=0.990， P<0.001）。3月龄后，微耳石日轮变窄而不能辨识。椎体、硬鳍条及微耳石这三种年龄鉴定材料中，以微耳石年龄鉴定结果最为准确，而椎体及硬鳍条在鉴定高龄个体时，容易出现对真实年龄低估的现象。滇池金线鲃微耳石的主要成分为碳酸钙，占其重量的98.8%。另外还含有一些微量元素：钠（Na）、镁（Mg）、铝（Al）、硅（Si）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钒（V）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）、钴（Co）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、锶（Sr）、钡（Ba）、铅（Pb）、银（Ag）。这些微量元素的总含量不超过微耳石重量的0.5%。其中，锶钙比（Sr/Ca）的范围在（0.33~1.54）×10-3之间，当个体放流至滇池湖体后，锶钙比明显上升，而其他元素含量则无明显变化规律。用不同浓度梯度（50~200 mg/L）和浸泡时间（4~24 h）的茜素络合物（ALC）及茜素红（ARS）水溶液对6、20及90日龄滇池金线鲃仔稚鱼进行标志。两种标志物均能在其耳石上形成深红色标记环带，510~560 nm绿色激发光下，标志带呈猩红色荧光反应。50 mg/L ALC 或ARS 溶液浸泡6 日龄仔鱼8 h、50 mg/L ALC 溶液或100 mg/L ARS溶液浸泡20日龄仔鱼24 h 及100 mg/L ALC或150 mg/L ARS溶液浸泡90日龄稚鱼24 h ，可见光下即可见清晰深红色标记带。50 mg/L ARS 或ALC溶液浸泡6 日龄仔鱼4 h或浸泡20、90日龄仔鱼24 h ，绿色激光下即绿色可见猩红色标记带。且以上浸泡条件均可保证100%标记率和存活率。 |
| 英文摘要 | Sinocyclocheilus grahami belongs to Sinocyclocheilus,（Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae） and is endemic to Lake Dianchi. In the present study, artificial larvae and juveniles of S. grahami were used as experimental materials; morphological development and deposition pattern of growth rings of the S grahami otoliths were studied. Moreover, known and unknown aged adult of S grahami were used to investigate the annuli characteristics of vertebras、dorsal-fine spins and otoliths. Again, we examined the potential uses of Alizarin complexone and Alizarin red S to mark larvae and juveniles S. grahami. This could provide technical support for tagging and releasing of massive amount. At last, it is the first time LA-ICP-MS was utilized to micro-zone elemental analysis in otoliths of recaptured S. grahami. The results mainly included as followed：Both sagittas and lapillus appeared before larval hatching, both of them were disc-shaped and sagitta were bigger .While the asteriscus appeared 23 days after hatching which were irregular short rod-like. Otolith shape changed with larval and juvenile development. The sagitta were shifted form circle type to ellipse type and began to elongate at 22 days. Finally, it became sagittal-shaped with a long pointed anterior and pointless posterior at 90 days. Morphology of lapillus was nearly oval at 10 days, and then shifted to kidney-shape after 90 days. Morphology of asteriscus was irregular quadrilateral at 30~40 days, there was rostrum in the front of asteriscus at 90 days Increments of sagitta（before 20 days） and lapillus （before 3 months） deposited daily after the first increment, and the relationships with daily age expressed as follows: D=0.9759N+0.2954 and D=0.9759N+0.2954. The lapillus was the best aging materials among vertebrae、dorsal-fine spines and lapillus. The age was usually underestimated when using vertebrae and dorsal-fine spines for age determination on high aged individuals. The calcium carbonate was the major constituent of S. grahami lapillus; it contributed was 98.8% of the total weight of lapillus. There were other trace elements: Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、K、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Pb、Ag, and all of them were no more than 0.5% of total weight. Sr/Ca ratio was in the range 0.33×10-3 to 1.54×10-3, the ratio of Sr/Ca raised when individuals were released into Lake Dianchi lake, while the change of other elements content were not obvious. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-12-16 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7728]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 昆明动物研究所_东南亚野生动物多样性 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 赵亚鹏. 滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）耳石微结构、微化学及其标记技术[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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