滇池金线鲃 (Sinocyclocheilus grahami )♀与西畴金线鲃(Sinocylocheilus xichouensis) ♂杂交育种的初步探索
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 赵婷怡 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-04 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨君兴,陈小勇 |
| 关键词 | 杂交 滇池金线鲃 西畴金线鲃 生长特性 形态特征 抗病力 营养成份 |
| 其他题名 | Preliminary exploration of hybridization between Sinocyclocheilus grahami♀and Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis♂ |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 杂交育种是一种常用的、快捷的品种改良以及优良品种获得的方法。以培育生长迅速、抗逆性强，同时肉质优良的金线鲃养殖品种为主要目的，对滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)♀×西畴金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis)♂的杂交进行试验研究，为金线鲃养殖品种的改良与选育进行了尝试性探索。本项研究通过亲鱼培养的调控，人工采集精卵、干法授精的方式，获得了杂交子一代受精卵，并通过受精卵孵化、苗种培育的过程，获得杂交F1代。证实了滇池金线鲃♀×西畴金线鲃♂杂交的可行性。通过对杂交F1代以及滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃5月龄个体以及15月龄个体每个月体重、体长和全长的测量，比较它们的生长速度，计算杂交F1代的杂种优势率并通过回归分析探讨了它们的生长特征。通过框架法以及多元统计分析的方法(聚类分析，判别分析和主成分分析)比较了杂交F1代和滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃在形态上的差异。分别对杂交F1代及滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃的6月龄及18月龄个体进行车轮虫和小瓜虫的感染试验，以观察它们的抗病能力。在营养成分组成方面对杂交F1代与其双亲以及鲫鱼、草鱼进行比较，以评估它们的营养价值。 将滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃♂进行人工杂交后获得了杂交F1代受精卵，经人工培育孵化获得仔鱼。杂交F1代受精卵卵径为2.62±0.10 mm，平均受精率为76.19%，孵化率为40.96%，畸形率为8.63%，初孵仔鱼全长为7.22±0.17 mm。对5月龄以及15月龄的杂交F1代，滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃的体长、全长、体重每30天进行一次测量。测量结束时，杂交F1代的5月龄个体以及15月龄个体的体长、体重以及肥满度均高于双亲的平均值，经计算杂交F1代表现出一定的杂种优势。对三者的体长，体重和全长进行回归分析，结果杂交F1代，滇池金线鲃以及西畴金线鲃的体长-体重关系式分别为：BWF=6.0713E-005SL2.7489，BWG=7.8279E-005SL2.6844，BWX=5.0880E-005SL2.7233；体长-全长的关系式分别为：TLF=3.2900+1.1695SL，TLG=2.8645+1.1829SL，TLX=1.4619+1.2108SL；Von-Bertalanffy生长方程分别为：TLF=245.9956(1-e-0.0310(t+0.5315))，TLG=239.6237(1-e-0.0318(t+0.3767))， TLX=292.7353(1-e-0.0167(t+1.4516))。 根据传统形态度量学和框架结构形态学法测量了15月龄的杂交F1代(滇池金线鲃♀×西畴金线鲃♂)以及滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃的10项传统可量性状数据和24项框架结构数据以及鳍条数、侧线鳞数和脊椎骨数等可数性状数据。并用方差分析和多元统计分析法(聚类分析，判别分析和主成分分析)对三者的传统可量性状和框架结构数据进行分析。结果显示：三者的可数性状差别不大，杂交F1代体表花纹与双亲相比发生一定变化。聚类分析结果表明，杂交F1代的形态与母本滇池金线鲃形态较为相似。采用逐步判别分析方法建立了3种鱼的判别函数，判别准确率较高(杂交F1代90%，滇池金线鲃90%，西畴金线鲃100%)。主成分分析结果及主成分散点图显示：三者均有重叠区域不容易从形态上清楚分开，但杂交F1代明显更接近母本滇池金线鲃。结合方差分析和主成份分析发现杂交F1代与双亲不同的性状主要集中在头部和尾部。 为探究及比较滇池金线鲃，西畴金线鲃及其杂交F1代(滇池金线鲃♀×西畴金线鲃♂)对小瓜虫和车轮虫的抵抗能力，本文用小瓜虫和车轮虫对三者分别进行了两次人工感染实验。18月龄的杂交F1代、滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃感染小瓜虫后的平均死亡率分别为50.00%；56.70%；80.0%。经方差检验杂交F1代死亡率显著低于父本西畴金线鲃(P＜0.05)。6月龄杂交F1代、滇池金线鲃、西畴金线鲃感染车轮虫后的平均死亡率分别为40.56%；56.11%；42.78%。经方差检验杂交F1代死亡率显著低于母本滇池金线鲃(P＜0.05)。在感染小瓜虫和车轮虫后，三种鱼的死亡量均呈现激增后又显著回落的趋势，死亡高峰在第4天至第7天。本次感染实验的小瓜虫和车轮虫主要分布于病鱼体表：分布躯干最多(57%～79%)，其次为鳍(12%～28%)，头部分布较少(4%～15%)。与本研究中车轮虫几乎于鳃丝无分布不同(0%～3%)，有大约10%～20%的小瓜虫分布于鳃丝上。本文对小瓜虫和车轮虫寄生部位及对鱼类的危害，生活周期与病鱼死亡规律的关系进行了探讨。 对杂交F1代及滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃作营养成分的测定，结果显示：杂交F1代粗蛋白含量(22.30%)高于滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃，粗脂肪含量(1.83%)介于二者之间。杂交F1代的氨基酸总量(86.20%)、必需氨基酸(37.90%)与鲜味氨基酸总量(29.92%)以及必需氨基酸指数EAAI(84.56)都高于滇池金线鲃和西畴金线鲃。表现出一定的杂种优势。杂交F1代背肌和腹肌以及肝脏中的脂肪酸总量介于双亲之间(低于滇池金线鲃而高于西畴金线鲃)，除了背肌中不饱和脂肪酸含量低于草鱼外，杂交F1代腹肌以及肝脏中具有较高营养价值的不饱和脂肪酸含量(尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸含量和其中的EPA+DHA含量)显著高于草鱼和鲫鱼。说明杂交F1代具有较高的脂肪酸营养价值。5种鱼腹肌中脂肪酸含量与背肌中相比差异不显著，肝脏中的脂肪酸总量显著大于肌肉(背肌与腹肌)中的总量。肝脏与肌肉中脂肪酸组成百分数也有所不同，如C18:1n7、C18:1n9、C18:3、C20:3以及EPA和DHA的变化较大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Hybridization is a widely used and efficient method to improve and get prime varieties. In order to select Sinocyclocheilus species which can promote the Sinocyclocheilus farming in China, hybridization between Sinocyclocheilus grahami♀ and Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis♂ by artificial method was studied. We got the zygote through regulation of broodstock culture which followed by collecting sperm artificially then dry insemination. And the hybrids were hatched after several days, they were cultured under the artificial controlled water temperature and light condition. This confirmed the feasibility of hybridization between Sinocyclocheilus grahami♀ and Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis♂. We compared the growth characteristics, resistance to parasitic disease, morphological characteristics and nutritional composition in muscles and liver between hybrid F1, S. grahami and S. xichouensis, the main results are as follows: The diameter of zygotes were 2.62mm±0.10. The fertilizing rate, hatching rate, abnormal rate and total length of larvae of hybrid F1 is 76.19%, 40.96%, 8.63% and 7.22mm±0.17 respectively. To measure the standard length(SL), total length(TL) and body weight(BW) of hybrid F1, S. grahami and S. xichouensis (including 5 months olds and 15 month olds individuals) every 30 days. At the end of experiment, the standard length, total length, body weight and the fulton condition factor (K) of hybrid F1 were higher than the mean value of its parents, hybrid F1 showed its heterosis. To make regression analysis for standard length, total length and body weight of hybrid F1, S. grahami and S. xichouensis, it shows function of SL-BW, SL-TL and the Von-Bertalanffy growth function of hybrid F1, Sinocyclocheilus graham and Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis were as follows respectively: BWF=6.0713E-005SL2.7489, BWG=7.8279E-005SL2.6844, BWX=5.0880E-005SL2.7233; TLF=3.2900+1.1695SL, TLG=2.8645+1.1829SL, TLX=1.4619+1.2108SL; TLF=245.9956(1-e-0.0310(t+0.5315)), TLG=239.6237(1-e-0.0318(t+0.3767)), TLX=292.7353(1-e-0.0167(t+1.4516)). 10 traditional measurable character data and 24 truss data and countable characters such as number of fin ray, lateral-line scale, vertebrae and so on of hybrid F1, S. graham and S. xichouensis were collected and analyzed with using analysis of variance, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed, there is no significant difference in hybrid F1, S. grahami and S. xichouensis, but surface pattern of hybrid F1 is different with both S. graham and S. xichouensis. Morphological characteristics of hybrid F1 were more similar with S. graham then S. xichouensis according to cluster analysis. Discriminant functions of hybrid F1and its parents were build based on discriminant analysis, and the discriminant accuracy was comparatively high (90% in hybrid F1, 90% in S. grahami, 100% in S. xichouensis). Based on the results of principal components analysis, the 3 kinds of fish clustered together by scatter plots of scores could not be divided clearly, however, there is more overlap between hybrid F1 and S. graham. Both analysis of variance and principal components analysis showed the different morphological characteristics between hybrid F1, S. grahami and S. xichouensis are mainly concentrated in the head and tail. S. grahami, S. xichouensis and their hybrid F1 (S. grahami♀×S. xichouensis♂) were infected twice by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina spp. artificially for making a investigation of their resistibility. The mean mortality rate of 18 months olds’ hybrid F1, S. grahami and S. xichouensis which infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is 50.00%; 56.70% and 80.0% respectively. The mortality rate of hybrid F1 is significantly lower than that of S. xichouensis by analysis of variance (P＜0.05), it shows the resistibility of hybrid F1 is obviously higher than its male parent. The mean mortality rate of half of 6 month olds’ hybrid F1, S. grahami and |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2014-06-18 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7901]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 昆明动物研究所_东南亚野生动物多样性 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 赵婷怡. 滇池金线鲃 (Sinocyclocheilus grahami )♀与西畴金线鲃(Sinocylocheilus xichouensis) ♂杂交育种的初步探索[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。