Biased oviposition and biased survival together help resolve a fig-wasp conflict
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Wang H1; Ridley J1; Cook JM3; Yu DW[*]1,2; Dunn DW3; Wang RW1 |
| 刊名 | OIKOS
 |
| 出版日期 | 2013 |
| 卷号 | 122期号:4页码:533-540 |
| 通讯作者 | dougwyu@gmail.com |
| 合作状况 | 其它 |
| 英文摘要 | We report evidence that helps resolve two competing explanations for stability in the mutualism between Ficus racemosa fig trees and the Ceratosolen fusciceps wasps that pollinate them. The wasps lay eggs in the tree's ovules, with each wasp larva developing at the expense of a fig seed. Upon maturity, the female wasps collect pollen and disperse to a new tree, continuing the cycle. Fig fitness is increased by producing both seeds and female wasps, whereas short-term wasp fitness increases only with more wasps, thereby resulting in a conflict of interests. We show experimentally that wasps exploit the inner layers of ovules first (the biased oviposition explanation), which is consistent with optimal-foraging theory. As oviposition increases, seeds in the middle layer are replaced on a one-to-one basis by pollinator offspring, which is also consistent with biased oviposition. Finally, in the outer layer of ovules, seeds disappear but are only partially replaced by pollinator offspring, which suggests high wasp mortality (the biased survival or unbeatable seeds' explanation). Our results therefore suggest that both biased oviposition and biased survival ensure seed production, thereby stabilizing the mutualism. We further argue that biased oviposition can maintain biased survival by selecting against wasp traits to overcome fig defenses. Finally, we report evidence suggesting that F. racemosa balances seed and wasp production at the level of the tree. Because figs are probably selected to allocate equally to male and female function, a 1:1 seed:wasp ratio suggests that fig trees are in control of the mutualism. |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| 资助信息 | For support, we thank Yunnan Province (20080A001), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (0902281081, KSCX2-YW-Z-1027, Y002731079), the National Science Foundation of China (31170498), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012FY110800), the Natural Environment Research Council UK, the Leverhulme Trust, and the University of East Anglia. We thank the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden for permission to work on their grounds. |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/9259]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_动物生态学研究中心 昆明动物研究所_遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室 昆明动物研究所_实验与理论生态学 |
| 作者单位 | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, ECEC, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, CN-650223 Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China 2.Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England 3.Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Wang H,Ridley J,Cook JM,et al. Biased oviposition and biased survival together help resolve a fig-wasp conflict[J]. OIKOS,2013,122(4):533-540. |
| APA | Wang H,Ridley J,Cook JM,Yu DW[*],Dunn DW,&Wang RW.(2013).Biased oviposition and biased survival together help resolve a fig-wasp conflict.OIKOS,122(4),533-540. |
| MLA | Wang H,et al."Biased oviposition and biased survival together help resolve a fig-wasp conflict".OIKOS 122.4(2013):533-540. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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