稳定榕蜂共生系统：最佳产卵策略和花梗长度变化的作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王辉 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | Douglas W Yu |
| 关键词 | 聚果榕 传粉小蜂 协同进化 互利共生 最佳觅食理论 花梗长度 |
| 其他题名 | Stabilizing Mutualisms of Fig—wasp system: The Roles of Optimal Oviposition Strategy and Pedicle Length Variation |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 近几十年来，榕蜂共生系统稳定性的维持机制一直是整个进化生物学和生态学方面的热点问题。隐头果的一些雌花可以接受传粉小蜂的卵发育成虫瘿，同时也有一些雌花接受小蜂的传粉发育成种子，从利益的角度，小蜂既是传粉者又是捕食者, 那么榕蜂之间的繁殖利益冲突就会一直存在。学者们提出了三个假说试图解决这个问题：1、短产卵器假说；2、种子不可击败假说；3、产卵不足假说。但目前仍然没有一种理论框架能完整的解释这个冲突。Yu et al（2004）提出了一个简单的最佳觅食理论模型，通过花梗长度的差异性去解释小蜂的产卵行为。 根据该理论，我们通过小蜂数目和存活时间两个水平的调整，设计了一个新颖的野外实验去论证前面提出的最佳觅食理论。实验结果表明，小蜂数目和存活时间的差异会对小蜂的产卵行为产生明显的影响。随着小蜂数目和存活时间的增加，小蜂的产卵率也会明显增加。利用小蜂的产卵率作为自变量，对虫瘿花梗长度的差异进行分析，发现在冬季的试验中，小蜂的产卵行为符合预期。小蜂优先在靠近果腔（靠近小蜂）的花朵里产卵，当里面的花朵被充分利用后，就逐渐利用外面的花朵进行产卵，而这个过程中，大部分的种子都分布在外层。隐头果内的每朵花的花梗长度都不相同，它们从里到外呈层次性分布，目的是让榕小蜂在有限的生命周期内花费更多的时间进行产卵，这样小蜂就无法在所有的子房内产卵，从而保护了榕树自己的利益。本实验结果认为Yu et al（2004）的最佳觅食模型是成立的。 |
| 英文摘要 | For past decades，the maintenance mechanism of long-term stability of mutualism of fig and wasp always was the hot spot issue in evolutionary biology and ecology. Some female flowers within syconium can be developed into galls via oviposition，and some are developed into seeds via pollination by foundresses. So foundress are not only pollinator but also predator, which is ultimately responsible for the interest conflict between fig and wasp that always exists in the system of mutualism. Three hypotheses proposed by researchers were used to interpret this conflict: (1) the short-ovipositor hypothesis, (2) the unbeatable-seeds hypothesis, (3) the insufficient-eggs hypothesis, but up to now, there still was no intact and perfect model frame could be used to solve this conflict. Yu et al. (2004) proposed a simple model,try to interpret the maintenace mechenism of the mutualism through the variation in pedicel length and the optimal foraging theory. In terms of the theory by Yu et al.(2004), a novel field experiment were devised through adjustment of foundress number and lifespan befor injection of ether, to demonstrate the predictions. And the experiment results shown that variation in foundress number and lifespan could produce effects on oviposition behavior of foundresses. As the foundress number and lifespan increases, oviposition rate of foundresses also increases obviously. Using oviposition rate as independent variable, analyses of variation in pedicel length were carried out, the results of analyses were consistent with our expectation. Foundresses do prefer laying eggs in ovules near the lumen, then in ovules near the fruitwall when the innermost ovules ran out, but most of seeds were distributed around the fruitwall, which is the outermost. Pedicel lengths of ovules within syconium are different from each other with distribution from the inside to the outside. The aim here is to prevent foundresses from laying eggs in all ovules, thus protecting the interest of Ficus plant. Finally, the model by Yu et al.(2004) is successfully verified. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-08-26 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/353002/6726]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_动物生态学研究中心 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王辉. 稳定榕蜂共生系统：最佳产卵策略和花梗长度变化的作用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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