结合鸟类数据对一个生物多样性快速调查新方法的应用检验
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘闯 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | Douglas W Yu |
| 关键词 | 生物多样性 保护生物学 生物声学 景生态学 |
| 其他题名 | Test of A New Rapid Bioacoustic Method for Biodiversity Appraisal with Community Bird Data |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 当今，大尺度时空甚至全球范围内的生物多样性保护及对其变化的监测受到各界越来越多的关注，生物多样性的价值和其迅速丧失的现实逐步被人们认识。对于一些急需保护的生物多样性重要地区，例如本文讨论的勐宋地区，制定快速有效的保护政策和具体的保护措施对保护当地加速恶化的生物多样性是极为重要的。这就需要更加快速和客观的生物多样性调查方法，而基于生物声学的生物多样性监测手段被认为是一个很有前景的途径。本文检验了 Sueur et al. (2008) 建立的基于生物声学的生物多样性快速调查方法在真实自然环境下的有效性，因为上述方法是基于在实验室内人工建立的发声动物群落构建的。经过多项统计分析之后，发现在中国云南的勐宋地区，用来描述群落声音多样性的H指数与群落鸟类多样性存在显著相关性，但是这种显著性仅限于封闭林冠森林内的样地。这说明群落声音多样性指数H是可以用来指代群落鸟类多样性甚至α生物多样性的，但是只在受到良好保护的生境，比如少受外界干扰的原始森林内才是有效的。同样，用来描述群落间声音差异性的D指数与群落间鸟类差异性之间也是存在显著相关性的，而且可以反映不同的栖息地之间的差别，但也仅限于生境连续性好的封闭林冠森林内的样地。群落间声音差异性指数D虽然可以揭示自然生境内不同群落间环境因素的差异性以及群落间鸟类差异性，但是，对环境因子不同水平的揭示作用仅限于差异很大的生境之间，比如森林和开放陆地之间，而且，它对群落间鸟类差异性甚至β生物多样性的揭示作用也仅限于连续生境内的保护良好的森林栖息地内。虽然生物声学是很有前景的快速调查生物多样性的途径，但是要建立成熟的生物声学方法体系，甚至要利用生物声学手段研究生态系统内的生态过程及其生态服务功能，仍然需要大量深入的声景生态学和生物声学的理论研究和应用实践。而且，要建立声景生态学和生物声学的基本原则和理论框架，也需要大量的基础研究和学科间的交叉合作。 |
| 英文摘要 | Biodiversity conservation is more and more discussed at large spatial and temporal scales even at global scale, its huge value and the fast degrading situation has been recognized by more and more people. We need make quick and effective conservation policy for those areas, which needs urgent protection, like Mengsong. It was suggested the sounds produced by singing animals have advantages to be an objective biodiversity indicator, which can be assessed fast in big scale of space and time and might can help solve those problems mentioned above. We tested Sueur et al.'s (2008) new bioacoustic method in natural habitats for its effects on indicating bird diversity and habitats differences, for which is based on the singing communities built in the lab. After several statistical tests on a new method, we found that in our experimental site, Mengsong, Yunnan, China, the H index, which describes community sound diversity has a significant correlation with community bird diversity, but only in closed canopy forests. It suggests the sound H index can help estimate bird richness or even α biodiversity, but only in forest habitats that are original and protected well. Also, the D index, which measures the dissimilarity of two sound files, is correlated with bird dissimilarity and can differentiate different habitats, also only in closed canopy forests in continuous habitats. In short, the sound D index can differentiate natural habitats differences, but only in hugely different habitats, like between forest and non-forest, and might can detect the bird diversity dissimilarity in closed and continuous forest. Anyway, wider and deeper bioacoustic researches for soundscape ecology are needed to build mature bioacoustic biodiversity census method, discover more masked functions of community sounds, and describe the community ecological characters. Also more fostering discussions and collaborations are needed to build the fundamental framework and disciplines, pushing the bioacoustic research and soundscape ecology to a mature stage. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-09-20 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/353002/6795]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_动物生态学研究中心 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘闯. 结合鸟类数据对一个生物多样性快速调查新方法的应用检验[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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