白马雪山自然保护区施坝林区黑白仰鼻猴季节性垂直移动及种内生态位分化研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 万祎 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-06 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 朱建国 ; 权瑞昌 |
| 关键词 | 黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti） 海拔移动 物候 生态位分化 |
| 其他题名 | Altitudinal Movement and Niche partitioning of Rhinopithecus bieti at Shiba of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China |
| 学位专业 | 生物多样性信息管理 |
| 中文摘要 | 基于2008年到2010年在白马雪山国家级自然保护区施坝林区(27o43’N, 99o08’E)的野外调查，确认了该地黑白仰鼻猴猴群数量在400只以上。在这一年半的调查中得出该地猴群的调整最小凸多边形（adjusted-MCP）家域面积为3083 ha。该猴群表现出明显的季节性海拔移动规律：春季，夏季和秋季，该猴群随着取食食物（如芽，叶，花，果和竹笋）的季节变化而垂直移动，冬季该群呆在有较长时间得到太阳光照且相对较高的海拔带，仅在大雪过后会短暂的到较低海拔带去。 大量物种之间在取食和生境利用上都表现出种间生态位的不同利用；不过在物种雌雄之间或者年龄组之间的资源利用分化的研究主要关注的是种群或者物种水平。本文中，我们发现白马雪山国家级保护区施坝林区内的黑白仰鼻猴猴群种内一个社会单元（OMU，由一个成年雄性，几个成年雌性和若干子女）成员间的资源利用分化现象。我们的结果显示成年雌猴和幼猴取食时通常回避取食树冠最高处和最靠外的部分，并且成年雄猴通常在取食树冠中部靠近树干的部分取食。成年雄猴不在树干中部的时候，其他个体会改变取食模式，而趋向于在中部取食。我们认为在树冠中部取食有利于防御天地，但是为了回避和成年雄猴的竞争，其他个体会离开中部。可能是生态学机制影响这个小型的灵长类社会单元的年龄-性别组间的竞争。微生境的分化可能是为了减少种内的竞争以提高该物种的适合度。 关键词：黑白仰鼻猴；海拔移动；物候；生态位分化；雌雄竞争；父母子女竞争；生境 |
| 英文摘要 | Based on the field survey from 2008 to 2010 at Shiba in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, the population of Rhinopithecus bieti with over 400 individuals at the site (27o43’N, 99o08’E) was confirmed. The one and half year adjusted MCP home range of the group was 3083 ha in Shiba. The group showed obvious altitudinal movement; in spring, summer and autumn, they moved vertically with foods changes, such as tree bud, sprout, flower, fruit and bamboo sprout; in winter the Shiba group stayed at relatively high places of long sunshine durations, although they descended temporarily after severe snowstorms. Intraspecific differences in feeding ecology and habitat use are found across a wide range of dimorphic species; however, studies that report resource partitioning between males and females or between age groups are often focused at the community or species levels only. Here we look at resource niche partitioning in black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) social units (adult male plus several females and offspring) within a reserve in Yunnan, China. Our results showed that adult females and juveniles often exploited the tallest and outermost part of the foraging tree, while the adult male often foraged in the center close to the trunk. When the adult male was absent from the foraging tree, patterns of tree use shifted for both adult females and juveniles, whereby these individuals were able to utilize inner layers of the tree. We suggested that predator avoidance made the central part of the tree crown more beneficial and preferred by this species but that competition with the adult male prevents access. This competition may be the ecological mechanism underlying intersexual and age class niche partition within these small primate social units. The segregation of microhabitat may serve to maximize fitness of family members by reducing husband-wife and father-offspring competition. Key words：Rhinopithecus bieti; altitudinal movement; phenology; niche partitioning; male-female competition; adult-offspring competition; habitat |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2012-08-01 ; 2012-08-01 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6994]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_动物生态学研究中心 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 万祎. 白马雪山自然保护区施坝林区黑白仰鼻猴季节性垂直移动及种内生态位分化研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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