基于线粒体基因组学追溯欧亚东部人群历史
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 彭旻晟 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 张亚平 |
| 关键词 | 线粒体DNA 系统发生 欧亚东部 末次盛冰期 人群历史 |
| 其他题名 | Tracing Population Histories in East Eurasia Based on Mitogenomics |
| 学位专业 | 遗传学 |
| 中文摘要 | 人类线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA，mtDNA）蕴含着丰富的遗传信息，是人类遗传学研究中常用的分子标记之一。基于整个mtDNA序列信息的线粒体基因组学研究可以在较高的分子分辨率上来重建人类mtDNA各个世系的系统发生关系，进而最大可能地挖掘这些信息来诠释mtDNA的遗传多样性。在此基础上，结合考古学、民族学、历史学和语言学等学科以及其他遗传标记的研究结果，研究者可以追溯目标人群的源流、迁移以及扩张等方面的历史。我们正是基于这样的研究思路开展了一系列关于欧亚东部人群的工作。 在第一章，本文首先简要概述了近年来基于线粒体基因组学的研究思路和相关进展，其目的在于对后续章节提供一个背景介绍。在第二章，我们所关注的是一个语言和遗传在人群中的共进化问题。通过研究越南南部占族人群mtDNA多样性，我们的结果从母系遗传的角度支持文化传播是南岛语系向东南亚大陆传播的主要模式。在第三章，基于海南岛世居的黎族人群的mtDNA多样性研究，我们认为人类移居海南岛的历史可以追溯到晚更新世以及全新世早期。在第四章，通过对欧亚东部人群特有的mtDNA单倍型类群M9a’b的高分辨率的系统地理学分析，我们在遗传学上首次揭示了一条源自中国南部向西延展到印度东北部和喜马拉雅以南地区的内陆史前迁徙路线。与上述不同，我们在第五章尝试着从群体线粒体基因组学的角度来探讨日本人群的群体动态变化历史，结果表明源自距今约五千年前的群体快速增长事件对现今日本人群的母系遗传库的形成起到了重要的作用。最后在第六章，我们对本文进行了总结，并展望了未来的工作。 |
| 英文摘要 | Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains the rich information about maternal inheritance, and is one of the most common used molecular markers in human genetics. In terms of the complete mtDNA genome analyses, mitogenomics can help us to reconstruct the phylogeny of human mtDNA with high resolution, which allows an attempt to dig out the information to interpret mtDNA genetic diversity. Together with the evidence from archaeology, ethnology, history, linguistics and so on, as well as other genetic markers, then researchers can trace the origin, migration, and expansion histories about populations of interested. This thesis includes a series of investigations into the strategy of using human mtDNA to learn about population histories in east Eurasia. In chapter one, we concisely reviewed the strategy adopted in mitogenomics and some related progress. Our aim was to provide a general background for the subsequent studies. In chapter two, we paid our attention to an issue about the co-evolution of language and mtDNA. Through analyzing mtDNA variation of the Cham population collected from southern Vietnam, our results indicated that the Austronesian diffusion in MSEA was mainly mediated by cultural diffusion, at least from the matrilineal genetic perspective. In chapter three, according to the interpretation of mtDNA variation in Li populations from Hainan Island, we proposed that the early colonization of Hainan Island could be traced back to the Upper Paleolithic and Early Holocene. In chapter four, our extensive phylogeographic analyses of mtDNA haplogroup M9a’b first reveled that the existence of an inland dispersal in mainland East Asia during the post-glacial period. And it was this dispersal that had expanded its effect not only to western China but also far to South Himalaya and Northeast India. In chapter five, we attempted to infer the demographic history of Japanese with a perspective from population mitogenomics. The results suggested that the rapid population expansion around five thousand years ago acted as a major force in shaping current maternal pool of Japanese. Finally, we summarized our work above and envisioned the future researches in chapter six. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-09-20 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/353002/6798]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_分子进化基因组学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 彭旻晟. 基于线粒体基因组学追溯欧亚东部人群历史[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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