全基因组重测序探索滇南小耳猪种质资源的保护方法及其应用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 韩徐曼 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-07 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 张亚平 |
| 关键词 | 基因组保护 滇南小耳猪 分子标记 生产性能 |
| 其他题名 | Whole genome resequencing of Diannan small-ear pig offers a new approach and keep principal genetic components in bioresource conservation |
| 学位专业 | 生物工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 中国家猪品种面临灭绝的困境，探索有效的种质资源保护方法迫在眉睫。随着第二代测序技术的发展，生物保护已悄然进入基因组保护时代。本研究主要包括二个方面的内容。以生长在西双版纳的滇南小耳猪为研究对象探索了全基因组水平保护生物物种资源的新方法，以及这些方法在滇南小耳猪保种核心群组建中的应用。 首先，利用比较基因组学方法分析滇南小耳猪受选择区域，挖掘滇南小耳猪特异遗传组分。在这些区域中筛选分子标记位点并在大群体中验证基因频率的分化。在滇南小耳猪全基因组上共筛选到9个滇南小耳猪特殊遗传组分分子标记位点，用于滇南小耳猪的纯种鉴定及生产性能连锁基因的保留。同时，由于产区存在滇南小耳猪与野猪杂交的情况，为了排除野猪及西方商品猪血缘，本研究还筛选到12个分子标记物用于区分中国家猪、东亚野猪及西方商品猪的遗传组分。这些分子标记物可用于国内其他地方品种保种过程中排除西方商品猪杂交个体。 运用筛选到的分子标记共鉴定了243头滇南小耳猪个体，最终选留了159头母猪，33头公猪组建滇南小耳猪保种核心群。另外，为了保护滇南小耳猪的遗传多样性。对31头公猪进行了重测序，通过主成分分析，根据基因组遗传组分的距离划分家系。为滇南小耳猪保种核心群配种计划的制定提供准确的指导。 最后，测定了滇南小耳猪的部分种质特性，结果显示滇南小耳猪具有优良的品种性能，肌内脂肪酸含量高于西方商品猪，肌内脂肪不饱和脂肪酸含量高，是我国脂用型猪品种的代表。 本研究从全基因组水平研究并实施了对滇南小耳猪种质资源的保护，对国内其他家养动物的保护具有启示作用。 |
| 英文摘要 | Many Chinese domestic pig breeds face extinction, explore effective methods of germplasm resources protection is imminent. In the 21st century biological research. With the development of second-generation sequencing technology, biological conservation has quietly transformed into the genome conservation generation. My study mainly includes two aspects. Selected Diannan small-ear pig which growth in Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna as the research object to explore new ways to protect biological resources and useing these methods to establish the nucleus herds of Diannan small-ear pig. firstly, I analyzed Diannan small-ear pig selective action based on comparative genomics strategy, search the principle components of Diannan small-ear pig. Then ,screened molecular marker loci in these selective areas and to verify the difference of gene frequency in a large population. 9 molecular markers were screened in Diannan small-ear pig whole genome which linkage with special selected genes using to identify pure Diannan small-ear pig finally. Due to the presence of hybridization between Diannan small-ear pigs and wild boars in production area, in order to exclude wild boar and Western commercial pig blood,12 molecular markers also identified use to distinguish Chinese domestic pig breeds from eastern Asian wild boars and commercial pig. 243 Diannan small-ear pig individuals were identified using these molecular markers, and ultimately choosed the 159 sows, 33 boars and established nucleus herds of Diannan small-ear pig conservational population. In addition, in order to protect genetic diversity of Diannan small-ear pig. 31 boars were re-sequenced to analysis principal component, divided pedigrees according to the genetic distance. Provide accurate guidance for the development of Diannan small-ear pig nucleus breeding conservation program. To better understand the production performance of Diannan small-ear pig in order to achieve the ultimate goal of resource conservation even utilization, my study examined the carcass traits and meat quality of Diannan small-ear pig. Diannan small-ear pig breed with excellent performance, intramuscular fatty acid content is higher than Western commercial pigs, high content of unsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat, is typical representative of fat swine breeds. In general, my study researched and implemented on a Diannan small-ear pig germplasm resources protection from the whole genome level ,the method also can be used in other domestic animals protection. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2014-07-01 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7916]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_分子进化基因组学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 韩徐曼. 全基因组重测序探索滇南小耳猪种质资源的保护方法及其应用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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