白腹鼠属（Niviventer）分子系统发育关系和小家鼠（Mus musculus）分子系统地理学研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 靖美东 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007-01 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 王文 ; 郑晓光 |
| 关键词 | 白腹鼠属 小家鼠 线粒体DNA 分子系统发育 分子系统地理学 生物地理 |
| 其他题名 | Phylogeny in genus Niviventer and phylogeography of house mouse in China inferred from mitochondrial DNA |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本工作用线粒体细胞色素b基因全序列探讨了白腹鼠属（Niviventer）分子系统发育关系，利用线粒体控制区全序列研究小家鼠（Mus musculus）在中国的分子系统地理学。 在白腹鼠属的分子系统发育研究中，本研究首次对来自青藏高原东南部和台湾的9种（安氏白腹鼠、川西白腹鼠、社鼠、刺毛鼠、梵鼠、灰腹鼠、褐尾鼠、台湾白腹鼠和台湾社鼠）32个个体的细胞色素b全序列进行了测定和分析。用最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法三种构树方法构出的进化树一致表明，9种分为3个线粒体DNA系：系A包括社鼠、台湾社鼠、台湾白腹鼠、刺毛鼠、梵鼠和灰腹鼠6种；系B包括安氏白腹鼠和川西白腹鼠2种；系C仅包括褐尾鼠一种。应用DNA分类的分析方法表明台湾社鼠不应是社鼠的亚种，而应是一个独立的种。此外，以来自更新世中晚期（1.2-0.13百万年）的社鼠化石为依据推算该属的分歧时间。结果表明该属的起源于1.64百万年前，系A和系B分化发生在1.46百万年以前，该属的其余物种分化时间为1.29-0.67百万年前。这些分化时间和青藏高原的最后一次隆起、昆黄运动以及第四纪大冰期时间相一致，提示地理隔离和冰期作用可能对该属的形成演化起到重要的作用。 在小家鼠的分子系统地理学研究中，通过测定来自中国12个采集地的184只小家鼠的控制区全序列，并结合了Genbank里的单倍型，首次研究小家鼠在中国的分子系统地理格局、种群历史和生物地理过程。184个样品定义了66个单倍型，单倍型多样性为0.95，核苷酸多样性为0.012。用66个单倍型及Genbank里来自周边国家的62个小家鼠单倍型进行分子系统发育分析，邻接法和贝叶斯法构得的分子系统发育树基本一致。结果表明小家鼠在中国分为两个线粒体DNA系（南方系和北方系）。分子变异等级分析结果表明主要的分子变异发生在两个线粒体DNA系之间（84.03%）。根据研究结果推断长江是两个线粒体DNA系之间基因交流受限的主要地理障碍。单倍型进化网络关系表明两个线粒体DNA是异域扩散。两个系的单倍型歧点分布图呈钟型分布，说明经历了快速的种群扩散。经推算小家鼠在中国北方系的种群扩散时间为16 600（22 000－11 000）年前，而南方系的种群扩散时间早于北方系，扩散时间为20 000（40 000－6 700）年前。依据单倍型和核苷酸的多样性、单倍型进化网络关系以及单倍型歧点分布图综合推断小家鼠在中国的两个系在末冰期时经历了快速的种群扩张导致今天的地理分布格局。根据系统发育树的结果推断，北方系种群的大体扩散方向是从北往南，而南方系是从南往北迁移。小家鼠以长江为界分为南方系和北方系的系统地理模式、扩散方向和种群的扩散时间与人以长江为界分为南方人和北方人、扩散方向、扩散时间（60 000－16 000）基本一致，这可能暗示人类活动对小家鼠的迁移产生的重要影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | Mitochondrial DNA contains highly informative polymorphic sites and its simple maternal inheritance without recombination makes it useful for phylogenetic analyses and population studies in many organisms. In present work, molecular phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Niviventer in China was inferred from complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Phylogeographic structure and population history of house mice（Mus musculus）in China was investigated based on complete mitochondrial control region sequences. Chinese species of the genus Niviventer, predominantly distributed in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and in Taiwan, have a blurry phylogenetic status and have not been included in previous molecular systematic analysis. Phylogenetic relationships of 32 specimens representing nine Chinese species of Niviventer were reconstructed in this study, based on sequences of the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis resulted in three consistent trees supported by high bootstrap values. The phylogeny showed that the genus Niviventer is monophyletic. The nine species in the study were classified into three distinct genetic clades: Clade A with Niviventer brahma, N. confucianus, N. coxingi, N. culturatus, N. eha and N. fulvescens; Clade B with N. andersoni and N. excelsior; and Clade C with N. cremoriventer. Our results also suggested that N. culturatus should be a valid species rather than a subspecies of N. confucianus. Divergence times among species were calibrated according to the middle-late Pleistocene (1.2-0.13 Mya) fossil records of N. confucianus. The results demonstrated that the first radiation event of the genus Niviventer occurred in early Pleistocene (about 1.66 Mya), followed by the divergence of Clades A and B at about 1.46 Mya. Most of the extant Niviventer species appeared during early to middle Pleistocene (about 1.29-0.67 Mya). These divergence times are coincident with the last uplift events of the Tibetan Plateau, Kun-Huang movement, Pleistocene glaciations, and vicariance of the Taiwan Strait. Our results suggested geographical events and Pleistocene glaciations might have played great roles in the speciation of Niviventer. In order to detect the phylogeographical pattern, to describe the genetic relationship, and to infer demographic and biogeographic process, we sequenced 876 bp full length of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 184 house mice (Mus musculus) from 12 locations. Both Bayesian and Neighbor-joining analyses support the same conclusion of two well-differentiated lineages (northern lineage and southern lineage), separated by the Yangtze River. There is no shared haplotype between lineages. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified significant population genetic divergence within both two lineages, suggesting restricted gene flow and regional population isolation with lineages. Nested clade analysis of haplotypes indicated that such a division was a consequence of allopatric fragmentation. High haplotype diversities, low nucleotide diversities and unimodal mismatch distribution within lineages suggest recent expansion . The expansion time of southern lineage and northern lineage was 20 000 (40 000-6 700) and 16 000(22 000-11 000) years ago, respectively. The present distribution of house mice was best explained by fast expansion events during and following the last glacial era. Activities of humankind might have an important impact on the migration of house mice. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-14 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6128]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_基因起源组 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 靖美东. 白腹鼠属（Niviventer）分子系统发育关系和小家鼠（Mus musculus）分子系统地理学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。