云南哀牢山鸟类多样性及其保护
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 吴飞 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-07 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨君兴，杨晓君 |
| 关键词 | 哀牢山 鸟类多样性 海拔梯度 退化生境 |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 由于拥有极高的生物多样性以及大量的濒危物种，山地生物多样性保护在全球生物多样性保护中具有极其重要的地位。云南山地面积占全省国土总面积的90.53％，同时云南也被认为是世界生物多样性热点地区。尽管如此，和世界其它山地生态环境一样，云南山地生态环境正经受严重的破坏和退化，山地生物多样性受到严重威胁。但相关研究却相对缺乏，基于此，于2006及2007年的繁殖季节和非繁殖季节，通过样点法和网捕法对哀牢山中段东西坡不同海拔带生境的鸟类多样性进行了调查。 结果显示哀牢山的鸟类物种丰富度及濒危物种丰富度极高，且哀牢山处于云南南北交汇之处，在云南鸟类多样性保护中具有极为重要的地位。通过分析哀牢山鸟类物种多样性近二十年来的变化，我们推测哀牢山鸟类的组成变化可能与气候变暖有关。通过分析哀牢山中段鸟类多样性的空间分布及周转，揭示：（1）海拔梯度的存在是哀牢山鸟类多样性极高的最为重要的原因；（2）哀牢山中段西坡鸟类物种多样性比东坡高；（3）人为干扰对哀牢山鸟类的分布格局产生极大影响。通过分析不同退化生境的鸟类多样性及其组成，我们发现，首先，与人工松林和农耕区生境比，薪柴林的总体鸟类、食虫鸟类以及森林内部鸟类物种密度和物种丰富度都较高，是山地鸟类有价值的栖息地；其次，人为干扰及其造成的生境退化是造成总体鸟类、食虫鸟类以及森林内部鸟类密度和物种丰富度减少的主要原因之一。 根据研究结果，建议：（1）对哀牢山进行完整海拔带的保护；（2）在优先保护天然原始植被的同时，也要关注人为干扰后的天然次生林的保护和恢复；（3）西坡生境的保护应该得到优先考虑。 |
| 英文摘要 | For containing a large number of species and endangered species, Mountains are important in global biodiversity conservation. In Yunnan province of China, mountain area covers 90.53％of Yunnan’s total area. For the diversity and level of endemism of its animals, plants and other organisms, Yunnan is also recognized as a high priority area for biodiversity conservation. Same as what happened in other areas of the world, biodiversity of Yunnan is facing of threats coming from forest loss and degradation. But we know littler about bird distribution pattern in a local scale and the value of degraded habitats for conserving the avifauna in Yunnan. During the breeding season and non-breeding season in 2006 and 2007, we conducted point counts and mist nets to sample bird communities of both eastern and western slopes in central Ailao Mountains, situated in central Yunnan Province. Firstly, our results indicated that Ailao Mountains is important in bird diversity conservation for containing a number of bird species and endangerous bird species and for lying in the crossroad in Yunnan. Secondly, our results implied that climate change may be the reason that caused bird composition change in the last two decades in Ailao Mountains. Thirdly, our results about bird species distribution and turnover along the elevation and slope direction showed that elevational differences in species composition accounted for 52.7% of regional species diversity. The bird species richness of western slope was higher than of eastern slope. Bird distribution pattern was affected by human disturbance and habitats degradation. Lastly, our result about land use and conservation value for birds indicated that firewood forest had relatively high richness and density of forest-interior species and insectivore species, so the firewood forest could also be useful to montane bird communities if anthropological disturbances were reduced and did not undergo further degradation. Our results indicate that reserves should cover the entire elevational gradient on Ailao Mountains slopes, and comparing to habitats of eastern slope, habitats of western slope was more important in bird conservation of Ailao Mountains. Our results suggest that conservation plans should concentrate primarily on the conservation of natural habitats in the mountain regions of Yunnan. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-04-24 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7401]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 昆明动物研究所_鸟类学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吴飞. 云南哀牢山鸟类多样性及其保护[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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