云南哀牢山鄂嘉段七种雀鹛共存机制初探
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 夏季 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨晓君 |
| 关键词 | 雀鹛 竞争 共存 生态位分化 哀牢山 |
| 其他题名 | Preliminary Exploration on the Coexistence of Seven Fulvettas at Ejia Area in the Ailao Mountain in Yun Nan |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 同域分布且生态近似的物种的共存机制是群落生态学领域关注的核心问题。根据竞争排除法则，同域分布的物种间至少在一个维度的生态位上出现资源利用分离，从而缓解激烈的种间竞争。在哀牢山中部鄂嘉片境内，同域分布着金胸雀鹛(Alcippe chrysotis)、栗头雀鹛(Alcippe castaneceps)、白眉雀鹛(Alcippe vinipectus)、棕头雀鹛(Alcippe ruficapilla)、褐头雀鹛(Alcippe cinereiceps)、褐胁雀鹛(Alcippe dubia)、灰眶雀鹛(Alcippe morrisonia)7种雀鹛属鸟类，为探讨同于分布的近似物种的共存机制提供了绝佳的条件。2012-2014年间，采用网捕结合样点观察的方法，从海拔、栖位、微生境利用以及形态分化的角度对哀牢山鄂嘉片同域分布的7种雀鹛属鸟类的共存机制进行了探究。 网捕法和样点法记录的海拔分布均存在显著差异，多重比较结果表明：网捕法记录的雀鹛中白眉雀鹛、褐头雀鹛和金胸雀鹛海拔差异不显著，褐胁雀鹛与棕头雀鹛同样没有显著差异，其它组合差异显著；而样点观测的结果中，除了褐头雀鹛与栗头雀鹛差异不显著外，其它比较均显示显著差异。栖位高度的检验结果表明存在显著差异，多重比较显示白眉雀鹛、棕头雀鹛、褐头雀鹛的栖息高度彼此差异不显著，其它组合均呈现显著差异，栗头雀鹛的栖位最高，褐胁雀鹛的栖位最低。乔木盖度、灌木盖、草本盖度均存在显著差异，山体坡度差异不显著。对生境因子的模型选择表明，海拔、灌木盖度、草本盖度是影响雀鹛生境选择的关键因子。 7种雀鹛的形态生态学指标均呈现显著差异，判别分析表明有大约90%的样本被正确归类，产生4个相对独立的集团。除白眉雀鹛(Alcippe vinipectus，65.40%)与褐头雀鹛(Alcippe cinereiceps，74.60%)外，其余鸟种判别的正确率均较高(91.20%-100%)。各集团相对独立的形态特征预示集团间资源利用方式可能彼此不同。 总之，通过空间生态位维度多尺度的分化以及不同集团资源利用的差异，最大限度的减弱了种间竞争的强度，促进了物种的共存。 |
| 英文摘要 | The coexistence mechanism of ecologically similar species which share the sympatric area is a central issue of community ecology.Niche differentiation is required at least in 1 dimension to relax interspecific competition when species are in sympatry according to the competitive exclusion principle.Alcippe chrysotis,Alcippe castaneceps,Alcippe vinipectus,Alcippe ruficapilla,Alcippe cinereiceps,Alcippe dubia and Alcippe morrisonia are sympatric species at ejia part in Ailao mountain.This phenomenon provides us an excellent opportunity to research their coexistence mechanism.From 2012 to 2014,we researched the niche segregation in their elevation,roost hight,micro-habitat and the differentiation of their ecomorphological characteristics with two widely used methods:mist nets and point counts. The elevation recorded by mist nets and point counts were significant difference among species.According to the results of nonparametric multiple comparison:elevation among Alcippe vinipectus,Alcippe cinereiceps and Alcippe chrysotis didn’t show significant difference and the same result came between Alcippe ruficapilla and Alcippe dubia recorded by mist nets,comparisons in other pairs were significantly different;While the non-significant result only came between Alcippe cinereiceps and Alcippe castaneceps recorded by point counts.The roost site height showed significant difference except for three pairs consist of Alcippe vinipectus,Alcippe ruficapilla and Alcippe cinereiceps.Alcippe castaneceps had the highest roost site,while Alcippe dubia had the lowest one.Micro-habitat factors as arbor coverage,shrub coverage and herb coverage were all significantly different except for gradient. Model selection according to quasi-likelihood of the second-order Akaike’s information criterion suggested that elevation, shrub coverage and herb coverage were key factors which had a significant influence on habitat perference. Analysis of ecomorphological characteristics showed significant difference among 7 species. Approximately,90% of samples were correctly classified and the correct rates ranged from 91.20% to 100% except for Alcippe vinipectus(65.40%) and Alcippe cinereiceps(74.60%).Species were divided into 4 guilds based on their characteristics.Specific ecomorphological characteristics in each guilds indicate the different ways in partitioning resource of birds. In conclusion,it is spatial segregation in different dimensions as well as different scales and divergence in resource use of different guilds that minimize the intensity of interspecific competitive interactions and facilitate species coexistence. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2014-07-01 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7920]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_鸟类学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 夏季. 云南哀牢山鄂嘉段七种雀鹛共存机制初探[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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