白鹡鸰（Motacilla alba）的谱系地理学研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李欣磊 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013-11 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨晓君 |
| 关键词 | 白鹡鸰 更新世冰期 谱系地理 广布种 冰期避难所 二次接触 |
| 其他题名 | Phylogeography of White Wagtail (Motacilla alba) |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 第四纪更新世冰期对现今物种的种群遗传结构和分布范围产生了显著的影响。研究更新世冰期和现今物种分布分化之间的关系有助于我们了解物种的进化过程。作为一种广布鸟类，白鹡鸰（Motacilla alba）的分布范围（繁殖期）覆盖了欧洲、非洲西北角和亚洲大部分区域，是研究较大尺度的谱系地理模式和探索更新世冰期对当今生物多样性影响的理想物种。本文以线粒体基因（ND2和CR）作为遗传标记对273白鹡鸰个体进行谱系地理分析。结果显示白鹡鸰具有较为明显的谱系地理结构，白鹡鸰主要分为4个分支：摩洛哥分支（摩洛哥）、西南分支（高加索至欧洲地区）、北部分支（北亚到欧洲地区）和南部分支（东亚地区）。更新世冰期对白鹡鸰现今的分化和分布产生了显著的影响，白鹡鸰的成种、分化、种群扩张时间均处于更新世。二次接触可以解释白鹡鸰现今分布的形成，高加索-里海区域、俄罗斯远东地区和中国南方地区为白鹡鸰的冰期避难所。分布于不同区域的白鹡鸰支系具有不同的种群历史，这和不同区域的历史气候是相互关联的。更多的抽样有助于详细了解白鹡鸰的谱系地理结构以及增加对更新世冰期和物种进化之间关系的理解。关键词：更新世冰期，谱系地理，广布种，冰期避难所，二次接触，白鹡鸰 |
| 英文摘要 | The Quaternary ice age have had a profound effect on population structure and distribution of present species. Phylogeography research will help us understanding the evolution processes of species, which aimed to study the correlation between Pleistocene ice age and divergence and distribution of today’s species. As a widespread bird, the breeding ground of White wagtail (Motacilla alba) covers European, Northwestern Africa and most of Asia. It was appropriate to use White Wagtail for exploring phylogeography pattern at a large scale and study how Pleistocene ice age had influenced current biodiversities.In this paper, mitochondrial DNA markers (ND2 and CR) were used to study phylogeography pattern of 273 White wagtails. Results showed a prominent phylogeography structure of White Wagtail, four main clades of White wagtail corresponding to Morocco, Caucasus-Europe, North Asia-Europe and East Asia respectively. The Pleistocene ice age have had a prominent effect on the divergence and distribution of White Wagtail. Speciation, divergence and population expansion time of this bird all fall into Pleistocene. The present distribution of White wagtail could be explained by secondary contact, the Caucasus-Caspian, Russian Far East and Southern China should be the shelter of White wagtail. Different clades that distribute at different regions have variant population histories, which is in accordance with different climate histories. More sampling will do help to uncover the phylogeography structure of White Wagtail in detail and enhance our understanding of the relationship between Pleistocene ice age and species evolution.For estimating the divergence time of different clades, we calibrated the ND2 molecular clock of White Wagtail by regression the Cyt-b distance and ND2 distance between White Wagtail and its relatives. The calibration finally yielded a clock rate of 3.49%, which is about 1.66 time of the common avian molecular clock (Cyt-b).Keywords: Pleistocene ice age, Phylogeography, Widespread species, Shelter, Secondary contact, White Wagtail |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/10206]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_鸟类学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李欣磊. 白鹡鸰（Motacilla alba）的谱系地理学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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