中国铃蟾属(Bombina)的分类和系统发育研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘万兆 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 1991 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨大同 |
| 关键词 | 无尾目 盘舌蟾科 铃蟾属 系统发育 分类 核型 同工酶 中国 |
| 中文摘要 | 铃蟾属Bombina分布于欧洲和亚洲。其分类地位有争议，种间亲缘关系也不清楚，分类和进化上存在很多疑问。本文从形态、核型分析、同工酶电泳三个方面，对中国铃蟾属的分类和进化问题进行了探讨。结果表明：中国南部产三种（亚种）之间亲缘关系较近，是一个祖先的后裔。其中强婚刺铃蟾B. (G.)fortinuptialis和微蹼铃蟾B. (G.)microdeladigitora之间形态差异不明显，核型极相似，遗传差异小，故建议强婚刺铃蟾作为微蹼铃蟾的一个亚种。东方铃蟾B. (B.)orientalis与前述三种间遗传差异大，形态和核型上与欧洲产二种铃蟾相似。结果还表明：铃蟾属Bombina与盘舌蟾属Discoglossus之间亲缘关系可能较近。铃蟾属的亚属划分是正确的。最后参考已有资料，得出了铃蟾属种间亲缘关系，并结合地史资料进行了铃蟾属物种分化的初步探讨。 |
| 英文摘要 | The fire bellied toad genus, Bombina, which with six species, spread throughout various Eurasiatic areas. There are four species of the genus distributed in China. The taxonomy and systematics of bombina is quite confusing. The phylogenetic relationships within this genus have also not been fully worked out, which, to some extent, is due to the lack of data for the four species in China. Using morphological, karyological and allozyme electrophoretic methods, this paper deals with the classification and phylogenetic problems of four species of Bombina in China. The results are as follows: 1. Seven osteological and external morphological characters were analysed. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of the four species is presented. Two groups(clades)are present within the genus: one contains the species B. (G.) fortinuptialis, B. (G.) maxima and B. (G.) microdeladigitora; B. (B.) orientalis share the other clade. In the first clade, B. (G.) fortinuptialis and B. (G.) microdeladigitora are each other's close relatives. After comparing 11 external measurements, we found aparant virieties in diferent populations of B. (G.) maxima. No geographic varieties of other species were found. 2. From this study, together with former chromosomal study, two patterns of karyotypes were found existing in the genus Bombina: ①B.(G.) fortinuptialis, B. (G.) maxima and B. (G.) microdeladigitora have 2n = 28, NF = 56, composed of 6 pairs of large homologues, one pair of medium-small chromosomes and 7 pairs of smaller homologues, all the chromosomes are m, except for Nos.6,7,9, which are sm. Ag-NORs are located on the short arm of No.11, coinside with secondary constriction. ②B. (B.) orientalis has 2n = 24, NF = 48, consisting of 6 pairs of large homologues, one pair of medium-large chromosomes and 5 pairs of smaller homologues, all the chromosomes are m, except those of No.6, which is sm. A secondary constriction is found on the long arm of No.7 and a weak one is observed on short arm of No.8. Ag-NORs were only observed on long arm of No.7. the karyotype of B. (B.) orientalis resembles that of two European species, B. (B.) bombina and B. (B.) variegata. 3. 11 isozymes were examined electrophoretically to investigate interspecific genetic diversity. All the 23 assayed isozyme loci are variable, and exhibited two to five allozymic variants. Nei's genetic distances and Rogers'genetic distances were calculated for all possible species pairs. A phenogram of Nei's genetic distance among the four species of Bombina in China was derived by using UPGMA. The result indecated that B. (G.) fortinuptialis and B. (G.) microdeladigitora are closely related, with Nei's genetic distance of 0.1110, while B. (G.) maxima has an average Nei's distance of 0.2096 from those two. B. (B.) orientalis has an average Nei's genetic distance of 0.4641 from the former three, which suggests an earlier separation of it from Glandula-group. Using the above Nei's distance, we estimated that B. (B.) orientalis lineage diverged from Glandula-group 2.5-2.6 million years ago, whereas B. (G.) fortinuptialis, B. (G.) microdeladigitora and B. (G.) maxima diverged within the last million years. Chromosomal evidence suggested that Bombina is probablly closely related to Discoglossus. Our study also supported the subdivision of Bombina into two sub-genus. The specific status of B. (G.) fortinuptialis is weakly supported by morphological evidence, it is valid to treat it as a sub-species according to genetic diversity Morphological, chromosomal and allozyme electrophoretic evidences are congruent with each other. Finally, we interpreted speciation of Bombina by correlating it to paleo-geological evidence. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-15 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6222]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_其他 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘万兆. 中国铃蟾属(Bombina)的分类和系统发育研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 1991. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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