泽兰实蝇的生态学特性及对紫茎泽兰的控制作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 梁家社 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 1989-01 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 赵万源 ; 何大愚 |
| 关键词 | Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng spatial pattern procecidochares utilis stone |
| 中文摘要 | 紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng)是一种原产于墨西哥的恶性杂草。近年来已严重妨碍了云南省甚至整个西南地区、林、牧业的发展。自1984年8月引进泽兰实蝇(procecidochares utilis Stone)开展了生物防治研究。已在云南境内七个地州（市）定殖扩散。为了解泽兰实蝇的控制作用，本文从研究泽从实蝇生态学特性入手。分析了泽兰实蝇生态学特性与紫茎泽兰生物防治的关系。定量地评价了泽兰实蝇的控制作用。并且应用灰色系统中局势决策方法比较了不同环境条件下的生防效果。其主要结果如下：1、泽兰实蝇雌性与雄性成虫的存活曲线均近于Deevery I型；雌雄一并来看。则成虫存活曲线为Deevery II型；雌性成虫的寿命比雄性长。产卵峰期多在产卵开始后的第二到第四天。2、泽兰实蝇幼虫与成虫均存在密度制约。在平均每雌占有两枝供试产卵枝条时产卵量最大。同时孕育虫的后代也最多。3、泽兰实蝇的净增殖率R. = 24.365。内禀增长率r_m = 0.055。周限增长值λ = 1.057。种群加倍时间t = 12.603天，世代周期T = 58.371天。4、泽兰实蝇幼虫种群的空间分布呈聚集型且接近于负二项分布。一般来说平均拥挤度大的地区，对紫茎泽兰的控制效果也好。5、利用计算机模拟术对泽兰实蝇的控制作用进行拟合。较之以寄生率来评价生防效果更为科学，也更为符合客观实际。6、对不同环境下的控制作用进行局势决策可知，温度较高。湿度偏低的地区。生防效果优于那些温度较低或温、温度均较高的地区。在本文所进行调查的几个样地中，泽兰实蝇控制效果大小的次序依次为：元江＞宜良＞双柏＞思茅。 |
| 英文摘要 | Crofton weed, Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. a noxious weed of origin of Maxico. has hindered the development of agriculture, forestry, livestock husbandry and sideline of Yannan Province seriously. Since the first introduction of the gall fly. Procecidochares utilis Stone for the control of the weed, it has been more than four years. For the purpose of delineating the effect of the fly in the control of the weed, on the basis of under standing the ecological characters of P. utilis, the author analysed the relationship between ecological characters of the fly and biological control of the weed, estimated the effect of the fly quantitatively, and compared the effect under varied environment by using the tactics Choice in Grey system Theory. Results are as followed: 1. The surviving ouvre of adult P. utilis tends to be peever II, but both the two curves of male adults and female adults are tending Deevey I. The longevity of females is longer than male adults. The peak of eggs laying is from 2 to 4 days after ovipositing. 2. It is possible that there exist density dependent during larval stage and adult stage. When females density was two branches/female adult, most eggs and future generations were gotten. 3. The finit increase rate of P. utilis R = 24.365. Intrinsic rate of natural increase r = 0.056. Life time T = 58.371 Doubling time t = 12.60S. 4. The spatial pattern of natural larvae Putilis population was aggregated pattern. The bigger the Llyod index M~* was, the better the control effect on E. adenophorum was. 5. Analysing the control effect by using computer simulation technique, the author thought the results are more soientifie and accord to real world than using parsitism percentage and host plants mortility for estimating control effect. 6. After using Tactics Choice on control effect under varied environments, the following results were gotten, control effect in those higher temperature, lower humidity region was better than that of higher temperature and higher humidity or higher anneal rainfall region and lower temperature region. At the foursample sites the article concerned the order of better effect of biological control were, Yuanjiang, Yiliang, Shuangbai and Simao. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-15 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6243]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_其他 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梁家社. 泽兰实蝇的生态学特性及对紫茎泽兰的控制作用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 1989. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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