阿片类物质滥用对认知和情绪的影响及其机制的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘宁 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007-02 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 马原野 |
| 关键词 | 阿片类药物 药物滥用 认知 情绪 |
| 其他题名 | The effects of opioids abuse on cognition and emotion as well as its underlying mechanisms |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 药物滥用是一种慢性、复发性脑疾病，有着极其复杂的机理。其核心特征是强制性觅药和用药行为，即成瘾者失去了对药物寻求和使用行为的控制。大量的实验证据表明，药物滥用会导致认知功能的损伤和认知偏差，并会造成情绪的异常，这可能是药物滥用和复吸的原因。 本论文的目的在于进一步研究药物滥用对认知和情绪的影响及其相关的脑机制，为此我们首先利用一系列神经心理学的测试，包括简单反应时、选择反应时、快速序列视觉呈现和左右分辨测试，研究了阿片类物质滥用对认知功能（如信息处理能力、注意的时间特性、左右分辨能力等）和情绪反应的影响，并探讨了性别、戒断时间、成瘾历史和开始成瘾的年龄的相关作用。研究结果发现：1）海洛因依赖的病人在上述测试中均表现出明显的功能损伤。2）海洛因依赖的病人对成瘾相关的刺激存在认知偏差，如，在快速序列视觉呈现测试中，他们只在中性词语和负性词语上表现出扩大了的注意瞬脱，但是在成瘾相关词语上的表现与正常被试没有显著差异。3）海洛因依赖病人的情绪反应发生了改变：他们对负性词语的唤起度评分低于中性词语和成瘾相关词语，并小于正常被试对负性词语的唤起度评分；另一方面在快速序列视觉呈现测试中，情绪刺激对海洛因依赖病人的注意瞬脱的影响程度小于正常被试的情况。4）在海洛因依赖病人中发现的认知功能的损伤和认知偏差存在性别差异，女性病人认知功能的损伤程度较男性病人更为严重，并且认知偏差也较男性病人更为明显。5）对于不同的测试，戒断时间、成瘾历史和开始成瘾的年龄有不同的影响。本部分研究较为系统的揭示了药物滥用对于认知和情绪的影响及其特点。 为了进一步研究阿片类物质滥用对认知功能和情绪反应的影响机制，我们利用脑电和功能核磁共振成像，分别研究了吗啡成瘾过程中前额叶的两个主要部分（腹侧前额叶和背外侧前额叶）的变化情况以及海洛因依赖病人的杏仁核对成瘾无关的情绪刺激的反应。结果发现吗啡对腹侧前额叶和背外侧前额叶的脑电活动都造成了一定的影响，并且对脑电γ段的影响在给药后12小时仍然存在，这可能是药物滥用造成认知功能损伤的原因。另外，海洛因依赖病人的左侧杏仁核对情绪刺激的反应小于正常被试，尤其是对正性刺激的反应。这解释了药物滥用者存在情绪异常问题的原因。本部分研究在一定程度上解释了药物滥用对认知和情绪的影响机制，并为前额叶和杏仁核在药物滥用中所起的作用提供了进一步的证据。 |
| 英文摘要 | Drug addiction is a problem of complex, compulsive drug administration. It is defined specifically as a compulsive pattern of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. That is, addicts loss of control in drug seeking and taking behavior. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that repeated exposure to certain drugs can produce deleterious sequelae, especially cognitive impairments, cognitive biases and emotion dysfunction, which may be the reason for drug abuse and relapse. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the effects of drug abuse on cognition and emotion as well as its underlying mechanisms. To this end, we used a series of neuropsychological paradigms, including simple reaction time, choice reaction time, rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and right-left discrimination, to study the effects of opioids abuse on cognitive functions (such as information processing, the temporal domain of attention and the ability of right-left discrimination) and emotion and whether such drug effects, if exist, are related to gender, the duration of withdrawal, the duration of abuse and the age when drug abuse began. We found that 1) heroin dependent patients (HDPs) performed poorer than controls in all the tests. 2) there were cognitive biases in the processing of addiction-related stimuli: in the RSVP task, the attentional blink in the HDPs was exaggerated in neutral and negative words but not in addiction associated words compared with controls. 3) The experience of emotions may be significantly altered in HDPs: they showed lower arousal rating of negative words than neutral and addiction-associated words, whereas controls performed similarly in arousal rating cross the three kinds of words. Also, their ratings of negative words were lower compared with controls. On the other hand, in the RSVP task, there were smaller affective effects on the attentional blink in HDPs than controls. 4) The impairment in cognitive functions and cognitive biases are gender related: heroin dependent females demonstrated greater performance deficits and cognitive biases than males. 5) The effects of the duration of withdrawal, duration of abuse and the age that begin drug abuse have different effects among the tasks. This part of study revealed, in a systematic way, the characteristics of drug abuse effects on cognition and emotion. To further explore the mechanism of the impairments in cognitive functions and emotion, we recorded Electroencephalogram (EEG) in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the development of morphine dependence, tolerance and withdrawal in rhesus monkeys. Also, we studied the response of the amygdala to effective stimuli in human by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that morphine decreased EEG power in all frequency bands in short period after injection in both the OFC and DLPFC in monkeys. The decrease in gamma power lasted for 12 hours after morphine injection. It provided a possible neural mechanism underlying the cognitive deficits observed in addicts. By using fMRI, we found that the percent signal changes were significantly lower in HDPs relative to normal controls in the left amygdala, especially for the positive pictures, suggesting a possible cause of abnormal emotion with drug abuse. Our results showed one possible explanation of the dysfunction of cognition and emotion in addicts and provided the further evidence for the role played by the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in drug abuse. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-15 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6268]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_认知障碍病理学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘宁. 阿片类物质滥用对认知和情绪的影响及其机制的研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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