西黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）栖息地与鸣叫特征分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 孙国政 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2010-11 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 蒋学龙 |
| 关键词 | 西黑冠长臂猿 栖息地结构 鸣叫 个体特异性 亚种分化 |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究重点对云南哀牢山、无量山、永德大雪山以及老挝 Nam Kan 保护区西黑冠长臂猿(Nomascus concolor)的鸣叫特征进行了分析研究，以探讨长臂猿鸣叫个体特异性的发生机制及其在地理种群区分或亚种地位划分中的意义；同时对哀牢山平河西黑冠长臂猿栖息地乔木结构进行了样方调查，揭示西黑冠长臂猿高海拔栖息地的乔木结构特征，为后续行为学研究提供基础生态数据。研究表明，云南省哀牢山平河（N 24°20′09.5″, E 101°17′16.1″, 海拔2600m）的黑长臂猿栖息地有乔木57 种隶属于23 科37 个属；木质藤本植物9 种隶属于6 科8 属。优势科主要为杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）、木兰科（Magnoliaceae）、山茶科（Theaceae）和壳斗科（Fagaceae）植物。乔木的多样性指数、均匀度指数在沟底明显降低，而乔木1 层和2 层所占的比例以及木质藤本的平均多度均随着坡位的下降而升高。与其他地区的长臂猿相比，哀牢山黑长臂猿的活动高度较低（10—22m），果实性食物种类较少。西黑冠长臂猿的雄性鸣叫包括Boom 音节、aa 音节、弱调节音节、强调节音节和 coda 音节，Boom 音节只是一单独的条带状音节，结构最简单也最稳定；aa 音节、弱调节音节、强调节音节和coda 音节的稳定性则呈现出依次增大的趋势。强调节音节和coda 部分的稳定性在总体没有显著差异，但在某些变量上coda 音节比强调节音节有显著更高的稳定性。在此基础上，重点基于对coda 音节的分析，发现同一地点不同群体的雄性西黑冠长臂猿个体之间存在非常显著的鸣叫特异性，并且同一地点不同群体的雄性个体之间鸣叫的差异，显著高于不同地点间雄性个体间鸣叫的差异。这一发现表明西黑冠长臂猿很有可能在有意识地通过鸣叫声音的调节，来增加与邻近群体间鸣叫的差异性，并依靠这一行为识别邻近群的成年个体和陌生个体或新成年的未配对个体，这对具领域性、配对的长臂猿来说具有显著的生态适应意义。基于对西黑冠长臂猿所有4 个亚种雌雄个体鸣叫的逐步判别分析，结果表明西黑冠长臂猿明显分为3 个类群：1) 指名亚种（N. c. concolor）和景东亚种（N. c. jingdongensis）为同一类群；2)滇西亚种（N. c. furvogaster）类群；3)老挝亚种（N. c. lu）类群，综合我们及前人的研究结果，我们认为老挝亚种与其它三个亚种之间很可能已经达到了亚种分化的水平，滇西亚种也是如此，但其有效性还值得进一步研究和探讨，而指名亚种和景东亚种间可能还没有达到亚种分化的水平。 |
| 英文摘要 | I studied song characters of western black crested (WBC) gibbons (Nomascus concolor) in Ailao Mountains, Wuliang Mountains, and Yongde Daxueshan National Natural Reserve in Yunnan China, and Nam Kan Protected Area in Bokeo Province northwest Laos, and also surveyed the habitat structure of WBC gibbons in Pinghe, Ailao Mountains, using quadrat method. This study clarified the causation of individuality in gibbon songs, and examined the differentiation of 4 subspecies of WBC gibbons with song character difference, and also addressed the habitat structure of WBC gibbons living in high altitude. Results shows that there are 57 tree species from 37 genera and 24 families and nine woody liana species from eight genera and six families living in the habitat of WBC gibbons in Pinghe, Ailao Mountains, Yunnan Province (N 24°20′09.5″, E 101°17′16.1″, Alt 2600m). The proportion of canopy Layer Ⅰ and Ⅱ, as well as the abundance of the woody vine, increased from the summit to the ditch. Compared with other populations WBC gibbons in Ailao Mountains act at a relatively low level above the ground (10–22m) and have less fleshy fruits species for eating. Five types of phrases in male songs of WBC gibbons were difined in this study, boom notes are the most simple and stable phrases; the CV value declines in the order of aa notes, weakly modulated phrases, multi-modulated phrases and coda phrases. We found some measured variables of coda phrases are significantly lower than multi-modulated phrases, even though no significant difference between these two types’ of phrases by combined all measured data. Based on this result, we examined the coda phrase difference among individuals and found that individuality among neighbors was very pronounced; moreover, individuality within a site (i.e. among neighbors) is higher than among individuals between sites, which suggests that black crested gibbons may actively increase their degree of vocal individuality against that of their immediate neighbors by vocal adjustment. The individuality in gibbon songs makes the identification of individuals possible, and the ability to discriminate between neighbors and strangers or newly grown up individuals by the individuality in their songs, may provide several advantages. We analyzed the gibbon songs of 4 subspecies of WBC gibbons and found that, they can be separated into three groups: 1) N. c. concolor and N. c. jingdongensis; 2) N. c. furvogaster ; 3) N. c. lu. According to this and previous studies we think that, N. c. lu may be a separate subspecies, the N. c. furvogaster may also be a separate subspecies, but further studies are needed to test the latter one; N. c. jingdongensis is a synonym of N. c. concolor |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-12-17 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/353002/6543]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_兽类生态与进化 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孙国政. 西黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）栖息地与鸣叫特征分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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