无量山大寨子雨季西黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）食性及活动时间分配
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 宁文鹤 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013-11 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 蒋学龙 |
| 关键词 | 西黑冠长臂猿 食物可得性 食性 时间分配 雨季 |
| 其他题名 | Diet and activity time budget of western blcak-crested gibbon during wet season at Dazhaizi, Wuliang |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 2011年10月至2012年11月期间，对无量山大寨子一个已经习惯化的西黑冠长臂猿群体（G2）开展行为生态研究。2011年10-12月主要对野外工作进行熟悉与适应，2012年1-5月对G2群家域内的食物资源分布进行调查，并于6-11月系统收集了G2群行为生态数据同时对食物可得性进行监测，本研究通过对G2群体家域范围内的食物可得性进行研究，并结合群体的食性、行为活动时间分配探讨西黑冠长臂猿对食物资源季节性变化的适应策略。研究期间对30种植物计640棵植株进行了物候监测，并测量了1803株植物树冠，获得了2012年6-11月期间各月的食物可得性数据。结果表明：雨季期间总体食物可得性有较为明显的月度波动，但果实类食物可得性相对较为平均，一在定程度上维持了长臂猿食物稳定的供应；而叶类和花类食物可得性月度波动明显。通过对记录的1227个取食数据的分析，结果表明：雨季G2群取食42种植物，分别隶属于26科29属；在食性组成中，果类食物所占比例最高（76.04%），叶类食物也占了一定的比例（15.32%），花类食物所占比例较低，具有较为明显的月度变化。经与食物可得性进行相关分析，各类型食物中花的取食比例与食物可得性呈显著的正相关（r = 0.824，p = 0.044），也证实了西黑冠长臂猿对花有较高的选择性，即在花类食物可得性较高的季节，会花费较多的时间来取食。研究显示G2群行为活动时间分配存在着显著的月变化（χ2 = 1340，p = 0.000）。在与食物可得性进行相关分析后，发现休息和移动行为不受食物可得性的影响；但取食行为受到花类食物可获得性的影响，花类食物可得性越高，取食时间越多（r = 0.929，p = 0.007）；玩耍和鸣叫行为主要受附生食物可获得性的影响（玩耍：r = -0.896，p = 0.016；鸣叫： r= -0.903，p = 0.014）。此外，行为活动时间分配还存在年龄、性别的个体差异，成年个体休息花费的时间相比年轻个体明显更多（F = 13.217，p =0.000），而玩耍行为则相对较少（F = 4.632，p = 0.001）；鸣叫行为上，成年和亚成年个体显著高于青年个体（F = 8.656，p = 0.000)，并以成年雄性花费的时间最多；青年个体的移动行为的时间分配也明显高于亚成年和成年个体（F = 5.356，p = 0.001），处于哺乳期的两只成年雌性个体用于休息和取食时间明显多于成年雄性个体。 |
| 英文摘要 | During October 2011 to November 2012, I studied the behavioral ecology of one habituated group (G2) of the western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) at Dazhaizi，Mt. Wuliang, central Yunnan, China. Habitat survey, phenology monitoring and behavior observation were conducted to evaluate the seasonal food availability within the home range of studied group. We intend to know how the group (G2) adapts to seasonal variation of the habitat characteristics.640 trees of 30 species were identified as monitoring plants based on the important food resource of the gibbons, and 1083 tree canopies were measured in the home range of G2 and seasonal food availability was calculated. We found that the food availability was different significantly between months, especially the flowers, However, fruit yield is relatively more stable than leaves and flowers, indicating the importance of fruit for diet and survival of gibbons. Based on 1227 feeding records collected during the study period, we found the study group fed on 43 plant species, belong to 26 families and 29 genera. Fruits were highly selected by gibbons (76.04%) and leaves were also important (15.32%) in their diet. Flowers were less contributive to gibbons’ diet but varied significantly between months. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated that consumption of flower was significantly correlated with their availability (r = 0.824，p = 0.044), which suggested that the gibbons spent more time feeding flowers when they were abundant. Our study indicate significant monthly variation in activity time budget of G2 (χ2 = 1340，p < 0.001). All the activities but resting and moving were significantly correlated to food availability. Feeding behavior is significantly related to flower availability (r = 0.929，p = 0.007), the higher the availability of flower, the longer the feeding time of gibbons. Playing and singing appeared to be related with availability of epiphytes (playing: r = -0.896，p = 0.016；singing: r= -0.903，p = 0.014). Besides, time budget also showed significant differences between genders, ages, and individuals. The adults spent more time resting (F = 13.217，p < 0.001) and less time playing (F = 4.632，p = 0.001) than young individuals, and the adult females in lactation also spent more time feeding. Adults and subadults spent more singing than adolescents (F = 8.656，p < 0.001), but the adolescents spent more time moving (F = 5.356，p = 0.001). |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-12-16 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7729]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_兽类生态与进化 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 宁文鹤. 无量山大寨子雨季西黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）食性及活动时间分配[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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