细鳞鲃类的系统发育与裂腹鱼类起源关系的探讨
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈自明 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2004-08 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨君兴 |
| 关键词 | 鱼巴亚科 裂腹鱼类 细鳞纪鱼类 系统发育 起源 进化 分类 |
| 其他题名 | PHYLOGENY OF THE SMALL-SCALED BARBIDS AND EXPLORATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF SCHIZOTHORACINE |
| 中文摘要 | 裂腹鱼类起源鳃亚科鱼类的观点得到了多数学者的支持。但是，鱼巴亚科鱼类是一个非常庞杂的类群，裂腹鱼类究竟起源于鳃亚科的哪一个小类群或裂腹鱼类与哪个小类群更为接近？这样的小类群又怎样随着急剧隆起的青藏高原峥演化发展成为现今的裂腹鱼类？不同的学者从不同的研究领域出发，得出了较为不一致甚至是相互对立的结论。裂腹鱼类（我国有11属，76种和亚种）均为小型鳞片的鱼类，与鳃亚科中一些具有小型鳞片的属种较为相似，即，妒鲤属（凡rCO～）的3个亚种、似鳃属（Lztciocyprinus）的2个种，金线纪属（Sinocyclocheilus）的26种或亚种，本文将这些具细小鳞片的鳃亚科鱼类统称为细鳞鳃鱼类（small-scaledbarbids）。为了探讨细鳞鱼巴类和裂腹鱼类的系统发育关界本文应用分支系统学的方法和原理，选择小裂腹鱼S．（R）parvus、中甸叶须鱼P.c.chunglienensis、松藩裸鲤。Gp.potanini、单纹似鳡L.langsoni、花妒鲤P.pingiregani、抚仙金线鱼巴s．师分别作为裂腹鱼类和细鳞鱼巴类中各分类：阶元的代，作为内a为了确考险状的进化极向并进一步探讨细鳞鱼巴各分类阶元与其他纪亚科和鲤亚科鱼类的系统关系，又选择了鳃亚科中的保山四须纪B．baoshanensis、云南四作为内群，并以螂鱼C.auratus、祀麓鲤C．(C)chilia作为外类群，用来对裂腹鱼类和细鳞鳃类进行性状的极化和系统发育分析。通过对12种24尾标本的外部形态和骨骼特征的全面观察，选择了63个性状进行描述和比较，并构建了供系统发育分析的特征矩阵。应用PAUP程序对特征矩阵进行运算，得出了包括外类群在内最简约的系统发育分支图。主要研究结论如下：（l）鲤亚科与包括裂腹鱼类在内的鳃亚科鱼类之间在很多特征方面存在着比较明显的差异，除了臀鳍最末一根不分枝鳍条坚硬、具锯齿；背鳍分枝多于1。根；第一椎体横突退化等特征外，还有镖的前后比例、前鳄骨的特征、尾舌骨的形状，基枕骨的骨质盘特征等诸多特征存在着显著差异。支持了陈湘舞等（1984）将鲤亚科和纪亚科分别作为独立亚科的观点。卿通过选取不同的外类群，在各种不同的条件下对特征数据矩阵进行运算和分析，除极少数（1个）结果外（当以祀麓鲤为唯一外群时，由34来看，它们都是第三纪末期以来由原始的鳃亚科鱼类演化而来的，适应过共同的寒冷环境（青藏高原的急剧隆升导致的寒冷气候和河川急流和青藏高原的大幅度隆起，引起了地貌环境的急剧改变，云贵高原一带也发生了差异性的升降运动。同时，全球性气温下降，常年性冰盖由北向南大幅度推进的寒冷气候环境）（曹文宣等，1981；王大忠等，2000）。裂腹鱼类和似鳃、妒鲤的起源时间可能稍晚一些。可以设想，第三纪末期的鳃亚科鱼类物种分化不是很多，相互之间的亲缘关系较近，分布于'青藏高原的原始鳃亚科鱼类和分布于云贵高原的原始鳃亚科鱼类分布经历了各自独特的地质、气候等环境条件，演化成为当今的裂腹鱼类和金线纪鱼类。至于似媳和妒鲤，除了经历与鳃亚科鱼类和金线鳃鱼类共同的寒冷水环境外，它们还向着肉食性的方向进行演化。（3）裂腹鱼类的3个代表种都聚在一起，其内部关系和与其他种的关系都较为稳定，为鳃亚科鱼类中较为特化的一支。与陈湘舞等（1984）、曹文宣等（1981）的观点较为一致，即，裂腹鱼类起源于纪亚科鱼类。晗（4）似媳和妒鲤之间的亲缘关系最近，它们很可能起源于最近的共同祖先。尽管二者作为一个单系的支持率并不是很高（大于50％，小于60％），但它们在个别特征（咽喉齿的排列方式、咽骨的形态特征）上表现其他鲤科鱼类所不具有的独特特征（附图1的。（5：）裂腹鱼类与妒鲤＋似鳃的系统关系最近，这意味着裂腹鱼类和妒鲤＋似鳃有最近的共同祖先或它们之间的关系较它们与金线鳃鱼类的关系更a（e）应用特征分析和系统发育分析所得的结论，综合对鳃系鱼类染色体特征的分析，认为裂腹鱼类和细鳞鳃鱼类在染色体分组组成、哪值等方面的相似特征，极有可能是在进化过程中经历了类似的寒冷水环境。它们之间的核型特征相似，只是说明了它们之间较近的系统发育关系，不支持妒鲤和金线靶是鳃亚科和裂腹鱼亚科之间的中间演化类型的观点。染色体的进化和外部形态特征的进化在纪系鱼类中存在着不平行的现象。（7）通过国内外鱼类学者对鲤科鱼类和纪亚科鱼类各分类单元定义的比较，结合本文的研究结果，认为国外学者的一些分类系统仍然存在一些尚待解决的问题，故建议目前暂不宜将之引入到我国的鱼类分类系统中。 |
| 英文摘要 | It is widely accepted that the schizothoracine fishes originated from the Barbinae. But the subfamily Barbinae is numerous and jumbled group which comprise many subgroups (17 genera only in China). Which genus did the schizothoracine fishes originate or which group is more close to these fishes? How did these primitive barbids evolved into the schizothoracine fishes with upheaval of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau? Different or even conflicted point of views were elicited from different research field (such as cytology and conventional systematics). The fishes of the subfamily ScMzothoracinae have the small scales and they have many similar osteological characters with barbids. Some genera of Barbinae are also with small scales, such as Percocypris, Luciocyprinus and Sinocyclocheilnsyare called small-scaled barbids. To elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within ScMzothoracinae and the small-scaled barbids, and their relationships with other large-scaled and medium-scaled barbids, 6 species were chosen from different taxon as representatives of Schizothoracinae and the small-scaled barbids, together with other 4 species of barbids with large-scaled and medium-scaled barbids are selected as ingroup, 2 species belonging to subfamily Cyprininae were chosen as outgroup to determine the evolutionary polarity of the characters and to discuss the correlation within all these species and the relationships of the taxonomic groups they represent. 63 variable osteological and external characters were described and compared. The cladgrams were produced by using computer-based program PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version: 4). The findings resulted from the phylogenetic analysis support the following hypotheses: 1. Character analysis shows that Schizothoracinae and small-scaled barbids, together with other 4 species belonging to subfamily Barbinae could be easily distinguished from Cyprininae species by several distinct characters. And this result can support Chen's view (1984) that Rainboth's (1996) subfamily Cyprininae should be further subdivided as subfamily Cyprininae and subfamily Barbinae. 2. Analysis results surpport that Schizothoracinae and small-scaled barbids be a monophyletic group, and their may originate from the same ancestor or close related ancestors. 3. Three species of the schizothoracine fishes resemble together, the relationships within them and with other species is stable, and this conclusion supports that the schizothoracine fishes originated from Barbinae and is one of its specialized branch. 4. Percocypris and Luciocyprinus are most related groups; they may originate from the same ancestor. 5. The schizothoracine fishes are more closed to (Percocypris + Luciocyprinus) than to Sinocyclocheilus. 6. The conclusions derived from character and systematic analysis do not support that the Percocypris and Sinocyclocheilus are the metaphase from large-scaled or medium-scaled barbids. The evolution of chromosome and that of osteological and external characters do not always parallel in Tribe Barbines. 7. By comparation, Rainboth's (1996) definition to some taxonomic taxa, such as Onychostoma, Systomus, Puntius, Poropuntius et al9 is not appropriate when applying to Chinese related taxa. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-15 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6190]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈自明. 细鳞鲃类的系统发育与裂腹鱼类起源关系的探讨[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2004. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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