动物社交的行为检测与神经编码
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 郭昊 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-04 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 徐林 |
| 关键词 | 社交动机 社会识别 神经编码 脑机接口 |
| 其他题名 | Behavioral Detection and Neural Coding of Animal Social Interaction |
| 学位专业 | 神经生物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 社会交往行为涉及动机与识别两个加工过程，基于实验动物模型研究社交动机和社会识别的潜在脑机制，使我们对社交行为有更深入的理解。基于此，本论文主要进行了两方面的研究工作，一是设计搭建了两种新的动物社交行为实验系统：小鼠操作式压杆任务实验和小鼠脑机接口实验，可应用于实验动物的社交动机检测和社交动机脑机制的研究。二是结合电生理技术手段，对小鼠海马脑区CA1神经元编码社会识别的机制进行了初步分析。 操作式压杆任务这一广泛应用于奖赏机制研究的行为学范式，可以用于评价社交动机的强度。小鼠在经过训练后可学会通过主动压杆与同种小鼠进行短暂的社交。结合自由移动小鼠的胞外神经元放电记录技术，可以在压杆任务的同时记录小鼠脑内的神经元活动，电生理数据与压杆行为的匹配分析有望应用于社交动机神经编码机制的研究。此外利用移动小车构建了小鼠脑机接口（BMI）平台，使用人工神经网络算法处理与社交动机相关的神经元放电时间序列，进行模式分类，并形成外部小车设备的控制指令。训练小鼠使用此脑机接口系统执行社交或者其他简单任务。操作式压杆任务是分析社交动机神经编码的理想实验平台，而脑机接口可广泛用于解码神经信号进行外部设备控制。 完整的社会识别功能是社会交往的基础。社会识别反映了动物区分并记忆个体信息的能力。它包括两个过程即对个体社会信息的表征过程，以及将这些被表征的信息储存的过程。当经过一段时间再次与同一个体相遇时，社会信息就会被回想起来。大多数实验结果表明海马参与社会识别，但是海马在该过程中的实际功能仍不清楚。由于“三箱社交设备”可以很好的模拟社会识别中的两个过程，因此本论文结合自由移动小鼠的胞外记录与社交行为学范式（三箱设备），研究社会识别过程中海马神经元的频率编码机制。神经元放电模式用自编的MATLAB代码进行分析。实验结果表明海马CA1区存在一小部分特殊的神经元，该类神经元的放电模式会被其他同种小鼠调制，即Mice-Modulated Cell。甚至有的神经元能够区分不同的个体，即Individual-Specific Cell。我们还观察到，一个海马神经元先前已经表征了特异同种小鼠的信息，当同一小鼠再次出现时该神经元表现出更加强烈的放电反应，这种放电的回放有可能是社会记忆的提取。实验数据证明了小鼠海马CA1神经元可以表征同种小鼠的个体信息，并进行社会记忆的编码。此外我们还研究了自闭症模型-Pten敲除小鼠海马神经元的编码机制，该小鼠的社交行为存在缺陷，且在连续的社交任务中，海马神经元的放电模式紊乱，这可能说明了自闭症的潜在病理机制。 此外，为了探索海马神经环路在社会记忆中的作用，我们尝试将光遗传技术与电生理记录结合，构建出用于神经环路精细分析的实验平台，并对海马相关的神经环路进行了初步研究。实验结果表明该平台可以实现在体的神经环路功能分析，因此有望在神经环路水平揭示社会记忆的机制。 |
| 英文摘要 | Motivation and recognition processes are both engaged in real-life social interactions. Investigating the brain mechanisms involved in social motivation and social recognition in laboratory animals will lead to a better understanding of social behavior. I have designed the mice operant lever-pressing tasks experiment system and the brain-machine interface (BMI) system to investigate the mechanisms implicated in social motivation. Meanwhile, I studied the mechanisms for coding social recognition in mice hippocampus by using electrophysiology methods. Social interaction can be used as incentive for operant lever-pressing which has been extensively used to study reward. Mice were trained to press lever for transient social interactions with other conspecifics. By combining extracellular recording in freely moving mice, we can investigate neural activity in brain during lever-pressing tasks for coding social motivation. In addition, I constructed a mobile vehicle- formed BMI system for social interaction tasks. An artificial neural network was proposed to classify machine control commands out of discharge sequences of neurons related to social motivation. Mice were trained to perform a social interaction task through this brain-machine interface system. Intact social recognition forms the basis of social interactions between individuals. Social recognition reflects the ability of mice to identify and remember conspecifics. While identification is related to representation of the social information of specific individual, social memories refer to the storage of them. Social memory allows the recollection of such information upon a subsequent contact within a time window. Although most evidences agree that the hippocampus has a critical role in social recognition, there remains considerable debate about the contribution of the hippocampus to this process. Combining freely moving mice extracellular recording and social interaction behavior paradigms (Three-Chambered Apparatus), we investigated the rate coding by hippocampal cell assemblies during social recognition. The firing patterns were analyzed by custom-written MATLAB code. We found a fraction of hippocampal CA1 neurons were modulated by other conspecific mice (Mice-Modulated Cell), even discriminated between individual mice (Individual- Specific Cell). The stronger reactivation of a hippocampal neuron which represents previous conspecific individual has been observed during sequential tasks. The replay may be treated as a contributor to social memory retrieval. Thus, our data suggest the role of mice hippocampus in social recognition. We also investigated the coding mechanisms underlying social interaction deficit in autism-like animal model-Pten knockout mice. The firing patterns of hippocampal neurons were disorganized in sequential tasks. Meanwhile, research that integrates approaches from optogenetics and electrophysiology has begun to shed light on the neural circuit analysis. We also constructed platform for analyzing neural circuit within the hippocampus. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2014-07-23 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7976]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_学习记忆的分子神经机制 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭昊. 动物社交的行为检测与神经编码[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明动物研究所
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